Cholesterol Levels
Everything you Need to Know About Healthy Cholesterol Levels
Over the past year, our attention has been brought to our cholesterol levels. A few years ago not many people would have known what their cholesterol levels were, but now after a lot of advertising, people are becoming more aware of how their cholesterol levels affect their lives. However, there are still some who are confused as to what cholesterol is and how they can tell if they have a healthy Cholesterol Level. So just how can you tell whether your cholesterol levels are healthy?
Knowing What Cholesterol Is
Cholesterol is pretty vital within the body. Whilst it may be unknown to some of us, its role is to keep our bodies functioning normally. Every single one of our cells is surrounded by cholesterol and its job is to insulate our nerve fibres. By insulating the nerve fibres, the cholesterol ensures that the nerve signals are travelling properly which is extremely important. Cholesterol also produces hormones which are used to carry specific signals around the body.
Now, if too much cholesterol was made by the body, it would increase your chances of heart disease. That is why High Cholesterol Levels need to be brought down. So, whilst it is essential in order for our bodies to function properly, Cholesterol does have to be controlled properly.
Knowing What Your Cholesterol Level Is
How do you know if your cholesterol levels are high? Well, generally a trip to the doctor’s will let you know exactly what your cholesterol level is but really knowing your levels is not really enough to tell whether or not you have a risk of heart disease. Something else which is needed in order for you to find out is your Lipoprotein levels.
Lipoproteins are molecules which are especially designed to carry cholesterol around the body. They are important because they control exactly how much cholesterol is in your body. Now, there are two main types of Lipoproteins and those are high density Lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins. The one which you really need to be aware of is Low Density Lipoproteins. If you have a high level of Low Density Lipoproteins, you have Bad Cholesterol which means that there is too much of it to build up. High density lipoproteins are associated with Good Cholesterol and they are used to carry cholesterol away from cells and to the liver.
The complicated thing about cholesterol is the right level you should belong. The doctor has the ability to tell you how low your cholesterol levels should be. The average person usually should have around 4.0mmol/l but if you have a low density lipoprotein count, then you should have around 2.0mmol/l. As mentioned, however, each person is different so you need to get your levels checked to see exactly what you should be aiming for.
Overall cholesterol is important and you should know what levels you have and what you can do about it. More and more people are developing heart disease due to high levels of cholesterol so it is better to go to your doctors to know your cholesterol level.
You can do a number of things to improve your cholesterol level. Eating healthy food can help lower your Ldl Cholesterol level. A healthy diet may help protect the body from the damaging effect of cholesterol. You can raise your Hdl Cholesterol level by quitting smoking if you smoke, losing weight if you are overweight and exercising.
Following a Healthy Low Fat Diet can Lower Cholesterol levels. If healthy eating and exercising don’t work after about six months, consult your family doctor of the medicine to Lower Your Cholesterol level.
If you are struggling to lower your cholesterol or manage your weight, then new clinically proven products that are now available on the open market such as Proactol™, can help you achieve this more easily.
Proactol™ is a clinically proven fat binder that helps reduce your dietary fat intake by up to 28%. It also helps you to lower your blood cholesterol level by slowing down your glucose absorption.
All health experts agree that people need to adopt a healthy lifestyle with plenty of exercise and a Balanced Diet. Proactol™ can help give you the initial support you need to adopt a new and healthy lifestyle.
If you want to lower your cholesterol level, visit www.proactol.com
About the Author
Clinically Proven Fat Binder Proactol™ helps to reduce your cholesterol level
BiosLife regulates Cholesterol levels & Prevent Heart Attack
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Thorne Research – Choleast (red yeast rice) – 120’s $29.45 ###############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################… |
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First Check Home Cholesterol Test 1 Test Kit $9.68 INDICATIONS: First Check Home Cholesterol 1 Test Features: One single use test. Test your cholesterol in the comfort of your own home. Easy to use. Reliable. Rapid Results. FDA Cleared…. |
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Source Naturals GarliCell 6000mcg Allicin, 180 Tablets $16.82 The Wellness FamilyTM of products is designed to support the body’s defense system when under physical stress. Wellness GarliCellTM represents a major breakthrough in garlic supplementation. Garlic is known to hep maintain healthy choleserol levels when taken in conjunction with a low-fat, low cholesterol diet. Our proprietary enteric-coating process protects the potential of allicin, garlic’s mai… |
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EXIR, Saffron Dietary Supplement, (180-Tablets), Made from fine quality Saffron, The Worlds Most Exotic Spice is Most Beneficial to Health $53.00 Epicure Garden is proud to be forging a name in the global health supplement market with Exir saffron dietary supplement. Here is a review of Dear Pharmacist, Dr. Suzy Cohen regarding Exir Saffron. Saffron is a super strong antioxidant with “housekeeping” benefits that clean you up from head to toe. Pay attention here because I’m going to summarize the research. Saffron has anti-cancer effects, fo… |
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Mercola Tulsi Loose Original Tea Leaves 3.5 oz per tin, 1 tin $10.97 Certified Organic Tulsi Tea Mix – 3.5 oz (50 servings) Steeped in India’s ancient ayurvedic healing tradition comes “The Queen of Herbs” — Certified Organic Tulsi Tea Mix Renowned for its ‘nearly too good to be true’ health-promoting properties, Certified Organic Tulsi Tea Mix will convince even the most fervent of skeptics. Using only the delicate leaves and blossoms of the Tulsi herb, 100% C… |
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Mercola Tulsi Loose Lemon Ginger Tea Leaves 3.5 oz per tin, 1 tin $10.97 Steeped in India’s ancient ayurvedic healing tradition comes “The Queen of Herbs” — Certified Organic Tulsi Tea Mix Renowned for its ‘nearly too good to be true’ health-promoting properties, Certified Organic Tulsi Tea Mix will convince even the most fervent of skeptics. Using only the delicate leaves and blossoms of the Tulsi herb, 100% Certified Organic Certified Organic Tulsi Tea Mix ( is a … |
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My Fitness Coach 2: Exercise and Nutrition $6.59 My Fitness Coach 2 Workout & Nutrition… |
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Super Size Me $6.40 Filmmaker Morgan Spurlock, rejected five times by the USC film school, won the best director award at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival for this alarmingly personal investigation into the health hazards wreaked by our fast food nation. Under extensive medical supervision, Spurlock subjects himself to a steady diet of McDonald’s cuisine for 30 days just to see what happens. In less than a week, his o… |
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Managing Cholesterol (Home Use) $24.95 Part of the award winning public television series Healthy Body/Healthy Mind. Heart disease is the number one killer of men and women in America and high cholesterol numbers are a major risk factor for both heart attacks and strokes. In this program we offer information about lifestyle changes that can help keep cholesterol numbers in the normal range, plus we see how changing the diet and adding… |
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Cholesterol, Diet & Heart Disease Film-Identifies three primary factors that can increase the risk of having heart attacks: smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol levels. Cholesterol, Diet & Heart Disease Film-Identifies three primary factors that can increase the risk of having heart attacks: smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol levels. Dr. Byran Brewer, Chief of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center Producer: National Institutes of Health Audio/Visual: sound, color Lang… |
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Healthiest You Ever (Paperback) $10.01 Good health means making good choices every day–and with this book, you can get fit and happy, one choice at a time. With daily advice and tried-and-true tactics for every aspect of health, you`ll reach your optimum level of well being–from head to t… |
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The Engine 2 Diet (Paperback) $10.45 A professional triathlete-turned-firefighter shares a diet he devised for fellow firefighters to help them lose weight and lower their cholesterol levels, an eating regimen that transitions participants to a mostly vegetable diet also consisting of who… |
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Natrol Gugulipid 500 mg Supplements (Pack of 2 100-count Bottles ) $26.99 Gugulipid has standardized extract of guggul, used for centuries in traditional Ayuryedic medicineStudies suggest guggul may enhance heart health Supplement helps maintain cholesterol levels that are already within normal range |
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50 Ways to Lower Your Cholesterol $11.62 Because diet, weight, exercise, and genetics determine cholesterol levels, the treatment of a cholesterol disorder requires a |
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Outsmart High Cholesterol $6.92 TAKE HEART!TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR CHOLESTEROL TODAY!It`s a simple truth-lower your cholesterol level, and you`ll live longer, reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke, and help stop heart disease if you already have it. And you may not … |
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The F-factor Diet (Paperback) $14.8 Citing the role of fiber in the establishment of a permanent healthy diet and weight-loss goals, a top nutritionist provides more than seventy-five recipes and definitive guidelines designed to help readers bolster energy levels, lower cholesterol, and… |
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The Great Cholesterol Con (Paperback) $10.74 Statins are the so-called “wonder drugs” widely prescribed to lower blood cholesterol levels that claim to offer unparalleled protection against heart disease. Many experts claim that they are completely safe and tha… |
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101 Ways to Lower Your Cholesterol (Paperback) $9.85 Shares dozens of strategies for reducing, managing and maintaining cholesterol levels, counseling readers on everything from the risks of artery blockage to creating a sound diet and exercise plan. Original. |
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The Heart Manual (Paperback) $11.57 A Mount Sinai Hospital Cardiovascular Institute director outlines straightforward advice on living a healthier and more qualitative life, addressing common heart-related health issues from weight control and cholesterol levels to physical activity and … |
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Medical Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (Paperback) $233.69 Modern medicine generates, almost daily, huge amounts of heterogeneous data. For example, medical data may contain SPECT images, signals like ECG, clinical information like temperature, cholesterol levels, etc., as well as the physician`s interpretatio… |
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The New 8-Week Cholesterol Cure $7.91 Robert Kowalski’s personal story is legendary. By the age of forty-one, he had suffered a heart attack and had undergone two coronary bypass surgeries. A traditional dietary approach to lowering his cholesterol failed dismally, and faced with t… |
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The New 8-Week Cholesterol Cure (Paperback) $10.83 The groundbreaking cholesterol-lowering program . . . now even more effective! Robert Kowalski`s personal story is legendary. By the age of forty-one, he had suffered a heart attack and had undergone two coronar… |
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Triumph of the Heart (Hardcover) $28.81 Over 25 million people in the U.S. alone have benefited from statins–such drugs as Lipitor, Zocor, Crestor, Pravachol, and other cholesterol-lowering medicines–in preventing stroke, heart attack, and other forms of coronary heart disease. But how did… |
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ABCA1 regulates the levels and lipidation of apolipoprotein E in the central nervous system: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease. $49.99 High density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important class of lipid carrier in the blood plasma.;The initial step in HDL formation occurs when ATP Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) transfers cellular cholesterol and phospholipids onto apolipoproteins. We hypothesize that ABCA1 may perform this function in the central nervous system (CNS), which contains HDL-like lipoprotein particles that are rich in apolipoprotein E (apoE). We found that ABCA1 knock-out mice have greatly decreased apoE levels in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma, probably because poorly lipidated apoE is rapidly degraded. Additionally, some apoE-containing lipoprotein particles in the CSF from ABCA1 knock-out mice are abnormally small, indicating the particles have reduced amounts of lipid. To explore this further we cultured primary astrocytes, which produce the majority of apoE in the brain, and collected the lipoprotein particles they secreted. Astrocytes derived from ABCA1 knock-out mice secreted apoE-containing particles that were small in size and contained less cholesterol than particles from wild type mice. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that ABCA1 is responsible for most apoE lipidation in the CNS. Furthermore, since apoE isotype is a major determinant of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), modulation of apoE levels or lipidation by ABCA1 may affect the pathogenesis of AD. To test this hypothesis in mice, we bred ABCA1 knock-out mice to the PDAPP mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. We found that PDAPP, ABCA1 knock-out mice had significantly more amyloid deposition and a higher prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy than PDAPP, ABCA1 wild type mice. These results suggest that lipid-poor apoE particles facilitate AD-type pathology. Next, we created mice that over-express ABCA1 in the brain. Lipoprotein particles collected from astrocytes derived from ABCA1 transgenic mice contained more lipid than particles from non-transgenic littermates. The |
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ABCA1 regulates the levels and lipidation of apolipoprotein E in the central nervous system: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease. $49.99 High density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important class of lipid carrier in the blood plasma.;The initial step in HDL formation occurs when ATP Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) transfers cellular cholesterol and phospholipids onto apolipoproteins. We hypothesize that ABCA1 may perform this function in the central nervous system (CNS), which contains HDL-like lipoprotein particles that are rich in apolipoprotein E (apoE). We found that ABCA1 knock-out mice have greatly decreased apoE levels in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma, probably because poorly lipidated apoE is rapidly degraded. Additionally, some apoE-containing lipoprotein particles in the CSF from ABCA1 knock-out mice are abnormally small, indicating the particles have reduced amounts of lipid. To explore this further we cultured primary astrocytes, which produce the majority of apoE in the brain, and collected the lipoprotein particles they secreted. Astrocytes derived from ABCA1 knock-out mice secreted apoE-containing particles that were small in size and contained less cholesterol than particles from wild type mice. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that ABCA1 is responsible for most apoE lipidation in the CNS. Furthermore, since apoE isotype is a major determinant of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), modulation of apoE levels or lipidation by ABCA1 may affect the pathogenesis of AD. To test this hypothesis in mice, we bred ABCA1 knock-out mice to the PDAPP mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. We found that PDAPP, ABCA1 knock-out mice had significantly more amyloid deposition and a higher prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy than PDAPP, ABCA1 wild type mice. These results suggest that lipid-poor apoE particles facilitate AD-type pathology. Next, we created mice that over-express ABCA1 in the brain. Lipoprotein particles collected from astrocytes derived from ABCA1 transgenic mice contained more lipid than particles from non-transgenic littermates. The |
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American Heart Association Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Cookbook $1.99 Now in mass market, this bestseller (which has sold more than 450,000 copies) can reach even more of the 96 million Americans who need to lower their fat and cholesterol levels. In addition to the 200+ recipes, the book includes a clear discussion of cholesterol, easy guidelines, alternative cholesterol-lowering therapies, and specific meal plans. |
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American Heart Association Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Cookbook $1.99 Now in mass market, this bestseller (which has sold more than 450,000 copies) can reach even more of the 96 million Americans who need to lower their fat and cholesterol levels. In addition to the 200+ recipes, the book includes a clear discussion of cholesterol, easy guidelines, alternative cholesterol-lowering therapies, and specific meal plans. |
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Analysis of neutral lipids and the genes underlying their biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum and Salmonella typhimurium. $49.99 Plants, animals, and yeast have the capacity to produce and accumulate neutral lipids, sterol esters and triacylglycerol (TAG). However, their accumulation and the genes underlying their synthesis in intracellular microorganisms are poorly understood.;Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic protozoan that causes the most virulent form of human malaria. During erythrocytic infection, parasite-induced fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis have been of interest as drug targets. Cholesterol is also important during infection of erythrocytes. However, the accumulation of cholesterol esters (CE) and TAG in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes has not been reported. Here we show by mass and incorporation of radiolabeled fatty acids, that TAG accumulates during intracellular parasite growth in a stage-dependent manner, with high levels present at the later stages of infection. We fail to detect parasite-induced accumulation or synthesis of CE suggesting that TAG is the major neutral lipid resident in lipid droplets within the parasite. Further, we have identified a plasmodial homologue for the gene acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which is expressed in a stage-dependent manner and may provide the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of TAG synthesis.;Survival of Salmonella typhimurium within a vacuole in host cells depends on secreted virulence factors encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). High levels of cholesterol are detected at the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Here we show that the SPI-2 effector SseJ esterifies cholesterol in vitro, in cells and during infection. Intracellular infections with wild type as compared to DeltasseJ bacteria led to higher levels of CE production in HeLa cells and RAW macrophages and were shown to increase levels of lipid droplets. Ectopic expression of SseJ reduced cholesterol levels in cellular membranes and antagonized a major membrane activity of a second bacterial effector known to be important to the |
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Analysis of neutral lipids and the genes underlying their biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum and Salmonella typhimurium. $108 Plants, animals, and yeast have the capacity to produce and accumulate neutral lipids, sterol esters and triacylglycerol (TAG). However, their accumulation and the genes underlying their synthesis in intracellular microorganisms are poorly understood.;Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic protozoan that causes the most virulent form of human malaria. During erythrocytic infection, parasite-induced fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis have been of interest as drug targets. Cholesterol is also important during infection of erythrocytes. However, the accumulation of cholesterol esters (CE) and TAG in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes has not been reported. Here we show by mass and incorporation of radiolabeled fatty acids, that TAG accumulates during intracellular parasite growth in a stage-dependent manner, with high levels present at the later stages of infection. We fail to detect parasite-induced accumulation or synthesis of CE suggesting that TAG is the major neutral lipid resident in lipid droplets within the parasite. Further, we have identified a plasmodial homologue for the gene acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which is expressed in a stage-dependent manner and may provide the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of TAG synthesis.;Survival of Salmonella typhimurium within a vacuole in host cells depends on secreted virulence factors encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). High levels of cholesterol are detected at the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Here we show that the SPI-2 effector SseJ esterifies cholesterol in vitro, in cells and during infection. Intracellular infections with wild type as compared to DeltasseJ bacteria led to higher levels of CE production in HeLa cells and RAW macrophages and were shown to increase levels of lipid droplets. Ectopic expression of SseJ reduced cholesterol levels in cellular membranes and antagonized a major membrane activity of a second bacterial effector known to be important to the |
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Analysis of neutral lipids and the genes underlying their biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum and Salmonella typhimurium. $49.99 Plants, animals, and yeast have the capacity to produce and accumulate neutral lipids, sterol esters and triacylglycerol (TAG). However, their accumulation and the genes underlying their synthesis in intracellular microorganisms are poorly understood.;Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic protozoan that causes the most virulent form of human malaria. During erythrocytic infection, parasite-induced fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis have been of interest as drug targets. Cholesterol is also important during infection of erythrocytes. However, the accumulation of cholesterol esters (CE) and TAG in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes has not been reported. Here we show by mass and incorporation of radiolabeled fatty acids, that TAG accumulates during intracellular parasite growth in a stage-dependent manner, with high levels present at the later stages of infection. We fail to detect parasite-induced accumulation or synthesis of CE suggesting that TAG is the major neutral lipid resident in lipid droplets within the parasite. Further, we have identified a plasmodial homologue for the gene acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which is expressed in a stage-dependent manner and may provide the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of TAG synthesis.;Survival of Salmonella typhimurium within a vacuole in host cells depends on secreted virulence factors encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2). High levels of cholesterol are detected at the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Here we show that the SPI-2 effector SseJ esterifies cholesterol in vitro, in cells and during infection. Intracellular infections with wild type as compared to DeltasseJ bacteria led to higher levels of CE production in HeLa cells and RAW macrophages and were shown to increase levels of lipid droplets. Ectopic expression of SseJ reduced cholesterol levels in cellular membranes and antagonized a major membrane activity of a second bacterial effector known to be important to the |
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Application of the Mediterranean-style diet principles to the American diet: Does a diet consistent with the Mediterranean-style diet protect against the development of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Offspring Cohort? $49.99 The objective of the project was to examine the relationship between a diet consistent with Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and the metabolic risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this project was accomplished using data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort.;A Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) was created to assess the conformity of an individual’s diet to a traditional Mediterranean-style diet. This continuously-scaled score (range 0–100), was based on adherence to recommended intakes levels from the Mediterranean diet pyramid and took into account over-consumption of foods and consumption of foods that are not on the Mediterranean pyramid. In 3030 participants, the MSDPS demonstrated content validity against nutrients known to be associated with the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, including expected positive associations with dietary fiber, n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins, calcium, magnesium and potassium, and inverse associations with added sugar, glycemic index, saturated fat, trans-fat and n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.;The longitudinal association over 7 years (mean follow-up = 7 yr) between MSDPS and insulin resistant traits (HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure) and incidence of metabolic syndrome was examined in 2,388 participants without DM and 1,820 participants free of DM and metabolic syndrome at baseline, respectively. The MSDPS was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (P-trend=0.02), waist circumference (P-trend <0.001) and plasma triglyceride (P-trend<0.001); and was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (P-trend=0.05). A higher MSDPS was also associated with an 8% lower incidence of metabolic syndrome (P-trend=0.03).;In participants without DM or clinically evident CVD, the cross-sectional association was examined between the MSDPS and endothelial function, as measured by brachial artery |
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Application of the Mediterranean-style diet principles to the American diet: Does a diet consistent with the Mediterranean-style diet protect against the development of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Offspring Cohort? $49.99 The objective of the project was to examine the relationship between a diet consistent with Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and the metabolic risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this project was accomplished using data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort.;A Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) was created to assess the conformity of an individual’s diet to a traditional Mediterranean-style diet. This continuously-scaled score (range 0–100), was based on adherence to recommended intakes levels from the Mediterranean diet pyramid and took into account over-consumption of foods and consumption of foods that are not on the Mediterranean pyramid. In 3030 participants, the MSDPS demonstrated content validity against nutrients known to be associated with the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, including expected positive associations with dietary fiber, n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins, calcium, magnesium and potassium, and inverse associations with added sugar, glycemic index, saturated fat, trans-fat and n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.;The longitudinal association over 7 years (mean follow-up = 7 yr) between MSDPS and insulin resistant traits (HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure) and incidence of metabolic syndrome was examined in 2,388 participants without DM and 1,820 participants free of DM and metabolic syndrome at baseline, respectively. The MSDPS was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (P-trend=0.02), waist circumference (P-trend <0.001) and plasma triglyceride (P-trend<0.001); and was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (P-trend=0.05). A higher MSDPS was also associated with an 8% lower incidence of metabolic syndrome (P-trend=0.03).;In participants without DM or clinically evident CVD, the cross-sectional association was examined between the MSDPS and endothelial function, as measured by brachial artery |
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Assessment of an exercise program on population with chronic medical conditions. $49.99 The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of a 4 month exercise program designed for population with chronic medical conditions. Eighteen subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Ten subjects participated as experimental group and eight as control group. Subject’s for this study were 45 years or older and had medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and/or obesity.;All the subjects in the experimental group participated in a twice weekly, one hour exercise sessions. Data for the variables was collected at the beginning and at 4 months period in both experimental and control group. Data analyses included descriptive statistics (M, SD, range), correlated t-test, independent t-tests, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. Significance level was P ≤ 0.05.;There was significant improvement in weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, V·O2 max, reaction time lower limbs, dynamic balance, time to lift 5 lb weight from the ground, time required to stand continuously for 3 times from the chair, time required to walk 10 feet at normal pace, time required to walk 10 feet at fast pace, POMA scores, and HRQOL self rated general health (P ≤ 0.05) in the experimental group. There was no significant change in cholesterol levels, reaction time of upper limbs, static balance, muscle strength, depression, number of days of physical illness, number of days of mental illness, activity limitation days, and balance confidence in the experimental group. Except for activity limitation days there was no significant change in any other variable in the control group.;It can be concluded that a 4 month exercise program for individuals with chronic medical conditions can improve weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, V·O2 max, reaction time lower limbs, dynamic balance, time to lift 5 lb weight from the ground, time required to stand continuously for 3 times from the chair, time to |
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Assessment of an exercise program on population with chronic medical conditions. $49.99 The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of a 4 month exercise program designed for population with chronic medical conditions. Eighteen subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Ten subjects participated as experimental group and eight as control group. Subject’s for this study were 45 years or older and had medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and/or obesity.;All the subjects in the experimental group participated in a twice weekly, one hour exercise sessions. Data for the variables was collected at the beginning and at 4 months period in both experimental and control group. Data analyses included descriptive statistics (M, SD, range), correlated t-test, independent t-tests, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. Significance level was P ≤ 0.05.;There was significant improvement in weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, V·O2 max, reaction time lower limbs, dynamic balance, time to lift 5 lb weight from the ground, time required to stand continuously for 3 times from the chair, time required to walk 10 feet at normal pace, time required to walk 10 feet at fast pace, POMA scores, and HRQOL self rated general health (P ≤ 0.05) in the experimental group. There was no significant change in cholesterol levels, reaction time of upper limbs, static balance, muscle strength, depression, number of days of physical illness, number of days of mental illness, activity limitation days, and balance confidence in the experimental group. Except for activity limitation days there was no significant change in any other variable in the control group.;It can be concluded that a 4 month exercise program for individuals with chronic medical conditions can improve weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, V·O2 max, reaction time lower limbs, dynamic balance, time to lift 5 lb weight from the ground, time required to stand continuously for 3 times from the chair, time to |
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Backscatter and attenuation characterization of ventricular myocardium. $49.99 This Dissertation presents quantitative ultrasonic measurements of the myocardium in fetal hearts and adult human hearts with the goal of studying the physics of sound waves incident upon anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials. Ultrasound has been used as a clinical tool to assess heart structure and function for several decades. The clinical usefulness of this noninvasive approach has grown with our understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying the interaction of ultrasonic waves with the myocardium.;In this Dissertation, integrated backscatter and attenuation analyses were performed on midgestational fetal hearts to assess potential differences in the left and right ventricular myocardium. The hearts were interrogated using a 50 MHz transducer that enabled finer spatial resolution than could be achieved at more typical clinical frequencies. Ultrasonic data analyses demonstrated different patterns and relative levels of backscatter and attenuation from the myocardium of the left ventricle and the right ventricle.;Ultrasonic data of adult human hearts were acquired with a clinical imaging system and quantified by their magnitude and time delay of cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter. The results were analyzing using Bayes Classification and ROC analysis to quantify potential advantages of using a combination of two features of cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter over using only one or the other feature to distinguish between groups of subjects. When the subjects were classified based on hemoglobin A1c, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and the ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, differences in the magnitude and normalized time delay of cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter were observed. The cyclic variation results also suggested a trend toward a larger area under the ROC curve when information from magnitude and time delay of cyclic variation is combined using Bayes classification than when |
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Backscatter and attenuation characterization of ventricular myocardium. $49.99 This Dissertation presents quantitative ultrasonic measurements of the myocardium in fetal hearts and adult human hearts with the goal of studying the physics of sound waves incident upon anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials. Ultrasound has been used as a clinical tool to assess heart structure and function for several decades. The clinical usefulness of this noninvasive approach has grown with our understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying the interaction of ultrasonic waves with the myocardium.;In this Dissertation, integrated backscatter and attenuation analyses were performed on midgestational fetal hearts to assess potential differences in the left and right ventricular myocardium. The hearts were interrogated using a 50 MHz transducer that enabled finer spatial resolution than could be achieved at more typical clinical frequencies. Ultrasonic data analyses demonstrated different patterns and relative levels of backscatter and attenuation from the myocardium of the left ventricle and the right ventricle.;Ultrasonic data of adult human hearts were acquired with a clinical imaging system and quantified by their magnitude and time delay of cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter. The results were analyzing using Bayes Classification and ROC analysis to quantify potential advantages of using a combination of two features of cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter over using only one or the other feature to distinguish between groups of subjects. When the subjects were classified based on hemoglobin A1c, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and the ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, differences in the magnitude and normalized time delay of cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter were observed. The cyclic variation results also suggested a trend toward a larger area under the ROC curve when information from magnitude and time delay of cyclic variation is combined using Bayes classification than when |
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Biopsychosocial outcomes of a resilience and diabetes self-management education intervention in African American adults with type 2 diabetes. $49.99 Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) currently affects more than three million African American adults with double the number expected by 2025. The most effective and safest treatment for T2DM is lifestyle change therapy, including healthful eating, monitoring of blood glucose, and physical activity. However, current lifestyle change interventions are limited in their scope to alter the behaviors of individuals to more healthful ones. These limitations may be attributed, in part, to a lack of attention given to enhancing an individual’s psychosocial process variables, such as resilience, coping skills, self-leadership, and empowerment. Incorporating resilience education into lifestyle change therapies is a novel approach that addresses the behavior modification limitations of current interventions by aiming to enhance psychosocial process variables. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to conduct a six-month pilot study to determine the feasibility of our resilience and diabetes self-management intervention, The Diabetes Coaching Program: Transforming Lives Through Resilience Education, in a convenience sample of African American adults (n=16) with T2DM. The intervention included four weekly resilience and diabetes education classes and eight bi-weekly support group sessions. Survey data and blood samples were collected at baseline and at six months. Twelve participants completed the study (75% retention). Results indicated that higher perceived stress scores were associated with less resilience, fewer adaptive coping skills, lower self-leadership, lower diabetes empowerment and greater depressive symptoms. However, diabetes empowerment was the only psychosocial process variable to be significantly enhanced by the intervention at six months. Weight, BMI, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased at six months, whereas, lymphocyte proliferation and physical activity were significantly increased. These data |
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Biopsychosocial outcomes of a resilience and diabetes self-management education intervention in African American adults with type 2 diabetes. $49.99 Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) currently affects more than three million African American adults with double the number expected by 2025. The most effective and safest treatment for T2DM is lifestyle change therapy, including healthful eating, monitoring of blood glucose, and physical activity. However, current lifestyle change interventions are limited in their scope to alter the behaviors of individuals to more healthful ones. These limitations may be attributed, in part, to a lack of attention given to enhancing an individual’s psychosocial process variables, such as resilience, coping skills, self-leadership, and empowerment. Incorporating resilience education into lifestyle change therapies is a novel approach that addresses the behavior modification limitations of current interventions by aiming to enhance psychosocial process variables. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to conduct a six-month pilot study to determine the feasibility of our resilience and diabetes self-management intervention, The Diabetes Coaching Program: Transforming Lives Through Resilience Education, in a convenience sample of African American adults (n=16) with T2DM. The intervention included four weekly resilience and diabetes education classes and eight bi-weekly support group sessions. Survey data and blood samples were collected at baseline and at six months. Twelve participants completed the study (75% retention). Results indicated that higher perceived stress scores were associated with less resilience, fewer adaptive coping skills, lower self-leadership, lower diabetes empowerment and greater depressive symptoms. However, diabetes empowerment was the only psychosocial process variable to be significantly enhanced by the intervention at six months. Weight, BMI, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased at six months, whereas, lymphocyte proliferation and physical activity were significantly increased. These data |
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Blood Pressure Cure: 8 Weeks to Lower Blood Pressure without Prescription Drugs $2.39 “The book is exceptional in its clarity and depth. I would recommend it to anyone with a tendency to hypertension.” —Charles Keenan Jr., M.D., Associate Professor of Family Practice, UCLA “Hypertension is an important member of the quartet of risk factors for cardiovascular disease—the other three are elevated cholesterol levels, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Robert Kowalski endeavors to bring all these risk factors under control without resorting to medications. This book presents simple answers to the questions that arise when people take charge of their own health in partnership with their physician.” —Calvin Ezrin, M.D., author of Your Fat Can Make You Thin “The Blood Pressure Cure offers a comprehensive, nutritionally sound, and easily accessible guide to lowering one’s blood pressure safely and effectively.” —Kristen Caron, M.A., M.F.T., author of The Everyday Meal Planner for Type 2 Diabetes “Robert Kowalski is now doing for blood pressure what he did for cholesterol in his previous books—he is revolutionizing the way we think about the non-pharmaceutical treatment of this important risk factor for heart disease. This well-written, concise book is a must-read for every person suffering from or treating high blood pressure.” —Paul Dougherty, M.D., Professor of Medicine, UCLA Robert Kowalski, the bestselling author of The 8-Week Cholesterol Cure, presents a clinically proven program that draws on the very latest research on high blood pressure causes, development, and treatment. With the most up-to-date information on herbs, supplements, diet, physical activity, and more, this commonsense,easy-to-follow program can help you lower your blood pressure so that you can decrease your risk of heart attack and stroke—and increase your chances of living a long and healthy life. |
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Characterization of residual ovarian tissue in mice following 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced ovarian failure. $49.99 Menopause is associated with disorders such as osteoporosis and ovarian cancer. It is unclear whether the postmenopausal ovary retains steroidogenic capacity and how it can impact the development of these disorders. The present studies used the VCD-treated follicle-depleted mouse model of menopause to test the hypothesis that residual ovarian tissue retains steroidogenic capacity following ovarian failure and, thus, affects the development of these disorders. Microarray technology was used to evaluate gene expression in residual ovarian tissue of follicle-depleted mice compared to that in ovaries from cycling animals. Among the genes identified were those encoding proteins for synthesis of androgens. Steroidogenic capacity of residual ovarian tissue was further evaluated by determining the expression of genes and proteins involved in ovarian steroidogenesis, and by measuring levels of circulating androstenedione and gonadotropins. Follicle-depleted ovaries were enriched in mRNAs for androgenic enzymes, receptors involved in the internalization of cholesterol, and luteinizing hormone receptor. Increased circulating levels of FSH and LH and detectable androstenedione were measured throughout the study. Protein for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase and luteinizing hormone receptor was detected in follicle-depleted ovaries by Western blot analysis and localized by immunofluorescence staining. The contribution of retaining residual ovarian tissue to accelerated bone loss following ovarian failure was evaluated by comparing bone mineral density from young and aged VCD-treated mice to that in age-matched ovariectomized (OVX) animals. Retaining residual ovarian tissue resulted in protection against accelerated bone loss in young but not aged VCD-treated mice. Whether residual ovarian tissue is more susceptible to development of ovarian neoplasms compared to ovaries from cycling animals was addressed by combining the VCD-treated mouse with |
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Characterization of residual ovarian tissue in mice following 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced ovarian failure. $49.99 Menopause is associated with disorders such as osteoporosis and ovarian cancer. It is unclear whether the postmenopausal ovary retains steroidogenic capacity and how it can impact the development of these disorders. The present studies used the VCD-treated follicle-depleted mouse model of menopause to test the hypothesis that residual ovarian tissue retains steroidogenic capacity following ovarian failure and, thus, affects the development of these disorders. Microarray technology was used to evaluate gene expression in residual ovarian tissue of follicle-depleted mice compared to that in ovaries from cycling animals. Among the genes identified were those encoding proteins for synthesis of androgens. Steroidogenic capacity of residual ovarian tissue was further evaluated by determining the expression of genes and proteins involved in ovarian steroidogenesis, and by measuring levels of circulating androstenedione and gonadotropins. Follicle-depleted ovaries were enriched in mRNAs for androgenic enzymes, receptors involved in the internalization of cholesterol, and luteinizing hormone receptor. Increased circulating levels of FSH and LH and detectable androstenedione were measured throughout the study. Protein for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase and luteinizing hormone receptor was detected in follicle-depleted ovaries by Western blot analysis and localized by immunofluorescence staining. The contribution of retaining residual ovarian tissue to accelerated bone loss following ovarian failure was evaluated by comparing bone mineral density from young and aged VCD-treated mice to that in age-matched ovariectomized (OVX) animals. Retaining residual ovarian tissue resulted in protection against accelerated bone loss in young but not aged VCD-treated mice. Whether residual ovarian tissue is more susceptible to development of ovarian neoplasms compared to ovaries from cycling animals was addressed by combining the VCD-treated mouse with |
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Chinese Red Yeast Rice $1.99 Used for centuries by the Chinese and other Asian cultures, red yeast rice, also known as “hongqu”, has been shown to effectively reduce high cholesterol levels and promote cardiovascular health. In this booklet, author Rita Elkins, MH, examines the historical uses of red yeast rice, the recent scientific data documenting its applications, and its safety and usage. Read on to discover how red yeast rice can help you achieve excellent cardiovascular health. |
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Chinese Red Yeast Rice: Effectively Control Cholesterol Levels and Promote Cardiovascular Health $1.99 Rita Elkins,Paperback,Series: Woodland Health Series, English-language edition,Pub by Woodland Publishing, Incorporated |
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Chlordecone pretreatment promoted subcellular distribution of scavenger receptor class B type II to murine hepatic microsomes; mass spectrometry detected hepatic soluble cholesterol binding proteins and comparison of protein iTRAQ ratios using ESI QTOF an $49.99 Chlordecone belongs to the class of persistent organochlorine pesticides that are remarkably resistant to environmental degradation. Even though their use was banned in the United States in 1978, these compounds can still be detected in both humans and wildlife throughout the world. Previous work has shown that the pretreatment of male C57BL/6 mice with low doses of the persistent organochlorine (OC) pesticide, chlordecone (CD) stimulated biliary excretion of exogenous CH up to 3-fold, and further, that increased biliary excretion was not associated with changes in ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 (ABCG8) or scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). In rodents, hepatic basolateral SR-BI is important in controlling plasma lipoprotein levels and cholesterol (CH) homeostasis, with major roles in reverse CH transport (RCT) and biliary excretion. The hepatic ABCG5/G8 heterodimer is a membrane transporter present on the apical surfaces of hepatocytes, and also plays a key role in biliary CH secretion. Scavenger receptor class B type II (SR-BII) was identified as a splice variant from the SR-BI gene and is expressed in a variety of tissues. Although the function of SR-BII is not clear it was proposed to play a role in CH homeostasis and trafficking that was distinctly different than SR-BI.;In the present study, western blotting was used to show that a single dose of CD promotes subcellular distribution of SR-BII to murine hepatic microsomes while having no effect on liver crude membrane SR-BII. Western blotting also indicated CD pretreatment had no effect on the levels of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) in cytosol, but an increase in myosin-9 was observed with mass spectrometry. Myosin-9 may play a role in intracellular vesicular transport. This may at least partially explain the previously observed alterations in CH homeostasis produced by CD pretreatment.;Changes in relative protein levels using a CH binding protein enriched fraction prepared from hepatic |
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Chlordecone pretreatment promoted subcellular distribution of scavenger receptor class B type II to murine hepatic microsomes; mass spectrometry detected hepatic soluble cholesterol binding proteins and comparison of protein iTRAQ ratios using ESI QTOF an $49.99 Chlordecone belongs to the class of persistent organochlorine pesticides that are remarkably resistant to environmental degradation. Even though their use was banned in the United States in 1978, these compounds can still be detected in both humans and wildlife throughout the world. Previous work has shown that the pretreatment of male C57BL/6 mice with low doses of the persistent organochlorine (OC) pesticide, chlordecone (CD) stimulated biliary excretion of exogenous CH up to 3-fold, and further, that increased biliary excretion was not associated with changes in ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 (ABCG8) or scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). In rodents, hepatic basolateral SR-BI is important in controlling plasma lipoprotein levels and cholesterol (CH) homeostasis, with major roles in reverse CH transport (RCT) and biliary excretion. The hepatic ABCG5/G8 heterodimer is a membrane transporter present on the apical surfaces of hepatocytes, and also plays a key role in biliary CH secretion. Scavenger receptor class B type II (SR-BII) was identified as a splice variant from the SR-BI gene and is expressed in a variety of tissues. Although the function of SR-BII is not clear it was proposed to play a role in CH homeostasis and trafficking that was distinctly different than SR-BI.;In the present study, western blotting was used to show that a single dose of CD promotes subcellular distribution of SR-BII to murine hepatic microsomes while having no effect on liver crude membrane SR-BII. Western blotting also indicated CD pretreatment had no effect on the levels of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) in cytosol, but an increase in myosin-9 was observed with mass spectrometry. Myosin-9 may play a role in intracellular vesicular transport. This may at least partially explain the previously observed alterations in CH homeostasis produced by CD pretreatment.;Changes in relative protein levels using a CH binding protein enriched fraction prepared from hepatic |
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Cholesterol Measurement: Test Accuracy and Factors That Influence Cholesterol Levels $11.78 Created by United States Government Accountability,Paperback, English-language edition,Pub by BiblioGov |
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Cholesterol and Inflammation: A Naturopathic Approach $2.71 In this Woodland Health Series booklet, Dr. Jane Semple reviews important information about the relationship between cholesterol and disease. She discusses the types of cholesterol, commonly accepted cholesterol levels, and the risks of taking cholesterol-lowering pharmaceuticals-the most prescribed drugs in the world. Dr. Semple then reveals that cholesterol levels may not be as important a marker of cardiovascular health as inflammation and homocysteine levels. This is critical reading if you want to live a heart-healthy life! |
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Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis And Coronary Disease In The Uk, 1950-2000. $9.5 Cholesterol began to be accepted after the Second World War as a significant cause of atherosclerosis and associated conditions, such as coronary heart disease (CHD). This Witness Seminar, chaired by Professor Michael Oliver, discussed the increasing understanding of its basic science. Early epidemiological studies demonstrated the relationship between excess saturated fat consumption and elevated levels of cholesterol, although cholesterol alone did not explain all population differences among gender, class, or heritage. Work on lipoprotein metabolism pointed to the establishment of hyphercholesterolaemia as a major risk factor for CHD, culminating in the development of cholesterol-lowering drugs, particularly the successful statins, available in the UK from the early 1980s, and confirmed by randomized controlled trials. The role of diet in heart disease has remained controversial in the UK, notwithstanding the food industry’s introduction of functional foods such as cholesterol-lowering margarine. Later, recommended limits on the composition of dietary fat were agreed, and although extreme diets could reduce cholesterol, patient conformity remains difficult. Appendices on the diet-heart hypothesis and the development of lovastatin compliment the transcript. Contributors include Professor David Barker, Professor John Betteridge, Professor Gustav Born, Professor Richard Bruckdorfer, Professor George Davey Smith, Professor Paul Durrington, Professor David Galton, Dr Arthur Hollman, Professor Steve Humphries Professor Gordon Lowe, Professor Vincent Marks, Dr Paul Miller, Professor Jerry Morris, Professor Chris Packard, Professor Stuart Pocock, Professor Kalevi Pyörälä, Professor Thomas Sanders, Professor James Scott, Dr Elspeth Smith, Professor Anne Soutar, Professor Gilbert Thompson, Professor Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Professor Neville Woolf and Professor John S Yudkin. [251 words] |
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Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies $0.99 Covers the latest treatments and drugs, plus side effectsThe fun and easy way to get your cholesterol under control and live a long, healthy lifeNeed to get your cholesterol in check? This easy-to-follow guide gives you the latest on lowering your numbers and maintaining healthy cholesterol levels. You’ll see how to eat and exercise properly, use vitamins and supplements, and quit unhealthy habits. You’ll also get new information on prescription drugs and the benefits of moderate drinking.Discover how to:Know your cholesterol riskUnderstand “good” and “bad” cholesterolFollow a cholesterol-lowering dietAvoid dangerous drugsReduce your risk of heart attack |
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Creatine $1.99 First isolated in 1832, the dietary supplement creatine has been long been associated with building muscle. But recent scientific research has demonstrated that creatine has many more health benefits, including use as a supporting nutrient for those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and emphysema. Creatine also helps reduce homocysteine levels to lessen the detrimental effects of stress. Creatine may also be helpful with high cholesterol, host-heart attack care, muscular dystrophy, and neuromuscular disorders. |
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Determinants of cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism as influenced by dietary fatty acid profile and cholesterol status in the F1B golden-Syrian hamster. $49.99 Investigated first was the effect of cholesterol status and dietary fatty acid profile on the expression of genes regulating hepatic cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. F1B hamsters were fed for 12 weeks diets enriched in 10% (w/w) coconut, olive or safflower oil in combination with either 0.1% cholesterol (cholesterol-supplemented) or 0.01% cholesterol (plus 10 days prior to killing 0.15% lovastatin and 2% cholestyramine) (cholesterol-depleted). Cholesterol depletion resulted in significantly lower plasma non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. This was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in cholesterol uptake and excretion, and reverse cholesterol transport, and down-regulation of genes involved in de novo lipoprotein and cholesterol synthesis. Coconut oil fed hamsters had significantly higher non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations than olive and safflower oil fed hamsters but was not associated with changes in the expression of genes regulating cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. Next, the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA, relative to n-6 PUFA, alter cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism were assessed using the same hamster model as described. Cholesterol-supplemented hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had higher plasma non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations which was associated with down-regulation of genes involved in hepatic cholesterol uptake, and triglyceride and cholesteryl ester synthesis, and up-regulation of genes involved in de novo lipoprotein synthesis. In contrast, cholesterol-depleted hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had lower plasma non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations which was associated with lower hepatic SREBP-1 mRNA and protein levels. Independent of cholesterol status, hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had lower HDL cholesterol concentrations and was associated with lower hepatic |
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Determinants of cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism as influenced by dietary fatty acid profile and cholesterol status in the F1B golden-Syrian hamster. $49.99 Investigated first was the effect of cholesterol status and dietary fatty acid profile on the expression of genes regulating hepatic cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. F1B hamsters were fed for 12 weeks diets enriched in 10% (w/w) coconut, olive or safflower oil in combination with either 0.1% cholesterol (cholesterol-supplemented) or 0.01% cholesterol (plus 10 days prior to killing 0.15% lovastatin and 2% cholestyramine) (cholesterol-depleted). Cholesterol depletion resulted in significantly lower plasma non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. This was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in cholesterol uptake and excretion, and reverse cholesterol transport, and down-regulation of genes involved in de novo lipoprotein and cholesterol synthesis. Coconut oil fed hamsters had significantly higher non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations than olive and safflower oil fed hamsters but was not associated with changes in the expression of genes regulating cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. Next, the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA, relative to n-6 PUFA, alter cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism were assessed using the same hamster model as described. Cholesterol-supplemented hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had higher plasma non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations which was associated with down-regulation of genes involved in hepatic cholesterol uptake, and triglyceride and cholesteryl ester synthesis, and up-regulation of genes involved in de novo lipoprotein synthesis. In contrast, cholesterol-depleted hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had lower plasma non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations which was associated with lower hepatic SREBP-1 mRNA and protein levels. Independent of cholesterol status, hamsters fed fish oil, relative to safflower oil, had lower HDL cholesterol concentrations and was associated with lower hepatic |
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Development of a nanowire based titanium needle probe sensor for glucose monitoring. $49.99 The need for continuous monitoring of various physiological functions such as blood glucose levels, neural functions and cholesterol levels has fostered the research and development of various schemes of biosensors to sense and help control the respective function. The needs of patients for sensors with minimal discomfort, longer life and better performance have necessitated the development towards smaller and more efficient sensors. In addition, the need for higher functionality from smaller sensors has led to the development of sensors with multiple electrodes, each electrode capable of sensing a different body function. Such multi-electrode sensors need to be fabricated using micro-fabrication processes in order to achieve precise control over the size, shape and placement of the electrodes. Multielectrode sensors fabricated using silicon and polymers have been demonstrated.;One physiological function that attracts widespread interest is continuous glucose monitoring in our blood, since Diabetes affects millions of people all over the world. Significant deviations of blood glucose levels from the normal levels of 4-8 mM can cause fainting, coma and damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. For chronic patients, continuous monitoring of glucose levels is essential for accurate and timely treatment. A few continuous monitoring sensors are available in the market, but they have problems and cannot replace the strip type one-time glucose monitoring systems as yet.;To address this need, large scale research efforts have been targeted towards continuous monitoring. The demand for higher accuracy and sensitivity has motivated researchers to evaluate the use of nanostructures in sensing. The large surface area-to-volume ratio of such structures could enable further miniaturization and push the detection limits, potentially enabling even single molecule detection.;This research involved the development of a biocompatible titanium needle probe sensor for |
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Development of a nanowire based titanium needle probe sensor for glucose monitoring. $49.99 The need for continuous monitoring of various physiological functions such as blood glucose levels, neural functions and cholesterol levels has fostered the research and development of various schemes of biosensors to sense and help control the respective function. The needs of patients for sensors with minimal discomfort, longer life and better performance have necessitated the development towards smaller and more efficient sensors. In addition, the need for higher functionality from smaller sensors has led to the development of sensors with multiple electrodes, each electrode capable of sensing a different body function. Such multi-electrode sensors need to be fabricated using micro-fabrication processes in order to achieve precise control over the size, shape and placement of the electrodes. Multielectrode sensors fabricated using silicon and polymers have been demonstrated.;One physiological function that attracts widespread interest is continuous glucose monitoring in our blood, since Diabetes affects millions of people all over the world. Significant deviations of blood glucose levels from the normal levels of 4-8 mM can cause fainting, coma and damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. For chronic patients, continuous monitoring of glucose levels is essential for accurate and timely treatment. A few continuous monitoring sensors are available in the market, but they have problems and cannot replace the strip type one-time glucose monitoring systems as yet.;To address this need, large scale research efforts have been targeted towards continuous monitoring. The demand for higher accuracy and sensitivity has motivated researchers to evaluate the use of nanostructures in sensing. The large surface area-to-volume ratio of such structures could enable further miniaturization and push the detection limits, potentially enabling even single molecule detection.;This research involved the development of a biocompatible titanium needle probe sensor for |
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Development of models to predict medication non-adherence based on a new typology. $49.99 Medication non-adherence, the extent to which a person's behavior does not coincide with medical or health advice, is a serious public health issue. Objectives. (1) Develop a new typology of medication non-adherence, (2) Develop models to predict different types of non-adherence based on Andersen Behavioral Model (ABM) and Leventhal's Common Sense Model (CSM), and (3) Test the models across two different medications used in treating disease conditions with varying symptomatology. Methodology. A new typology of medication non-adherence was developed through literature review of the frequently reported reasons for non-adherence based on the possibility of a cognitive process intervention directed towards patients and the mutability of interventions. The typology was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. A new self-reported scale to measure non-adherence was developed from the frequently reported reasons and compared to the Morisky scale. The conceptual models developed using ABM and CSM were tested using regression techniques to identify significant predictors of non-adherence. Results. Qualitative analysis supported the typology from the literature review, yet the quantitative exploratory factor analysis did not support it. Instead, four types of non-adherence each for cholesterol lowering (non-adherence due to managing issues, multiple medication issues, belief issues with medications, forgetfulness due to busy schedule) and asthma maintenance medications (non-adherence due to managing and availability issues, beliefs and convenience issues, cost issues, forgetfulness due to busy schedule) were identified. Predisposing factors such as concern beliefs in medications, enabling factors such as self efficacy, and need factors such as self health and illness perceptions, and severity of disease were significant predictors of medication non-adherence. The Reasons scale had moderate levels of agreement with the Morisky scale based on kappa coefficients. |
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Development of models to predict medication non-adherence based on a new typology. $49.99 Medication non-adherence, the extent to which a person's behavior does not coincide with medical or health advice, is a serious public health issue. Objectives. (1) Develop a new typology of medication non-adherence, (2) Develop models to predict different types of non-adherence based on Andersen Behavioral Model (ABM) and Leventhal's Common Sense Model (CSM), and (3) Test the models across two different medications used in treating disease conditions with varying symptomatology. Methodology. A new typology of medication non-adherence was developed through literature review of the frequently reported reasons for non-adherence based on the possibility of a cognitive process intervention directed towards patients and the mutability of interventions. The typology was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. A new self-reported scale to measure non-adherence was developed from the frequently reported reasons and compared to the Morisky scale. The conceptual models developed using ABM and CSM were tested using regression techniques to identify significant predictors of non-adherence. Results. Qualitative analysis supported the typology from the literature review, yet the quantitative exploratory factor analysis did not support it. Instead, four types of non-adherence each for cholesterol lowering (non-adherence due to managing issues, multiple medication issues, belief issues with medications, forgetfulness due to busy schedule) and asthma maintenance medications (non-adherence due to managing and availability issues, beliefs and convenience issues, cost issues, forgetfulness due to busy schedule) were identified. Predisposing factors such as concern beliefs in medications, enabling factors such as self efficacy, and need factors such as self health and illness perceptions, and severity of disease were significant predictors of medication non-adherence. The Reasons scale had moderate levels of agreement with the Morisky scale based on kappa coefficients. |
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Diet-Step 20/20 Grams Minutes: For Women Only!: The Doctor’s Easy 2-Step Quick Weight Loss and Fitness Plan $1.99 A weight loss program with a womanÕs overall health in mind…Women who want to lose weight often follow unhealthy, unappealing, complicated or ineffective diet plans. Dr. Fred A. Stutman, M.D., a Philadelphia family physician, has seen the negative effects of some of these diets on the health and self-esteem of his patients. With the health of all women in mind, Dr. Stutman has developed a practical, medically formulated Ònon-gimmick dietÓ and Òpain-free fitness plan.Ó Dr. StutmanÕs latest book, Diet-Step 20 Grams/20 Minutes Ð For Women Only, describes a two step diet and fitness plan for women of all ages, all body builds and all levels of physical fitness. This plan takes into consideration something that most other diet and fitness plans do not: Women are busy people and often do not have time to follow complicated and time-consuming diet and fitness plans. The first step of this two-step program focuses on an easy to follow and medically sound quick weight loss diet. This food plan is high in fiber and low in total fat, cholesterol, salt and sugar. The second step of Dr. StutmanÕs plan, Fit-Step, includes a realistic exercise program designed to increase aerobic fitness and promote oxygen circulation throughout the body. Diet-Step 20 Grams/20 Minutes — For Women Only!: The DoctorÕs Easy 2-Step Quick Weight-Loss & Fitness Plan is the first medically formulated diet & fitness program developed exclusively for women of all ages, all body builds & all levels of physical fitness. Step 1 — The Diet-Step Plan features a unique quick weight loss program, utilizing an easy to follow healthy diet. This plan isbased on Dr. StutmanÕs trademarketed, secret weight-loss formula (20 Grams Fat/20 Grams Fiber) designed exclusively for women. There are no calories or grams of carbohydrates to count, no special menus to prepare & no yucky protein shakes to gag on. Weight loss is fast, safe, |
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Do You Know Your Cholesterol Levels?: Healthy Hearts, Healthy Homes = C Mo Est N Sus Niveles de Colesterol?: Corazones Sanos, Hogares Saludables $14.98 U. S. Government,Paperback, English-language edition,Pub by Books LLC |
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Ec 1.1.1 Introduction $10 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: HMG-CoA reductase – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia HMGCR converts HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid: Drugs that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, known collectively as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (or “statins”), are used to lower serum cholesterol as a means of reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease. These drugs include rosuvastatin (CRESTOR), lovastatin (Mevacor), atorvastatin (Lipitor), pravastatin (Pravachol), fluvastatin (Lescol), pitavastatin (Livalo), and simvastatin (Zocor). Red yeast rice extract contains several naturally occurring cholesterol-lowering statins known as monacolins. The most active of these is monacolin K, or lovastatin (previously sold under the trade name Mevacor, and now available as generic lovastatin). Vytorin is drug that combines the use simvastatin and ezetimibe, which blocks the formation of cholesterol by the body, along with the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. HMG-CoA reductase is active when blood glucose is high. The basic functions of insulin and glucagon are to maintain glucose homeostasis. Thus, in controlling blood sugar levels, they indirectly affect the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, but a decrease in activity of the enzyme is caused by an AMP-activated protein kinase, which responds to an increase in AMP concentration, and also to leptin (see 4.4, Phosphorylation of reductase). HMG-CoA reductase is a polytopic, transmembrane protein that catalyzes a key step in the mevalonate pathway (MetaCyc mevalonate pathway), which is involved in the synthesis of sterols, isoprenoids and other lipids. In humans, HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis and represents the sole major drug target for contemporary cholesterol-lowering drugs. The medical significance of HMG-CoA redu… More: |
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Evidence supporting a dual glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid role for the elasmobranch steroid 1alpha-hydroxycorticosterone. $49.99 In mammals distinct steroid hormones termed mineralocorticoids (MCs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate hydromineral balance and the stress response, respectively. In contrast, it is thought that a single corticosteroid, 1alpha-hydroxycorticosterone (1alpha-B) serves as both a GC and MC in elasmobranchs. I investigated the putative dual MC and GC roles of 1alpha-B by examining ex vivo regulation of interrenal 1alpha-B synthesis by osmoregulatory and stress hormones in the euryhaline stingray Dasyatis sabina. A commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay was adapted for the quantification of 1alpha-B. I also isolated cDNA sequences encoding two rate-limiting steroidogenic enzymes, the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), and characterized the steroidogenic activity of the encoded proteins using a heterologous expression system. Both the stress hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the antinatriuretic peptide angiotensin II (ANG II) were potently steroidogenic in ex vivo interrenal cultures, whereas C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) inhibited 1alpha-B synthesis. StAR and P450scc mRNA levels were increased by 24 h incubation with ACTH and decreased by both ANG II and CNP. To examine changes in osmoregulatory hormone systems that impinge upon 1alpha-B synthesis, I also isolated the cDNA sequences of the ANG II and CNP receptors, AT and NPR-B. Both AT and NPR-B mRNA levels were significantly elevated in osmoregulatory tissues of freshwater (FW; Lake Monroe, FL) versus saltwater (SW; Corpus Christi Bay, TX) populations of D. sabina. Interrenal StAR and NPR-B mRNA levels were also significantly higher in FW individuals. The physiological roles of 1alpha-B were further investigated in vivo by examining the effects of stress and FW transfer on interrenal synthesis of 1alpha-B. Plasma 1alpha-B and glucose were significantly elevated by hook-and-line capture stress, indicating that 1alpha-B acts in classical GC |
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Evidence supporting a dual glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid role for the elasmobranch steroid 1alpha-hydroxycorticosterone. $49.99 In mammals distinct steroid hormones termed mineralocorticoids (MCs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate hydromineral balance and the stress response, respectively. In contrast, it is thought that a single corticosteroid, 1alpha-hydroxycorticosterone (1alpha-B) serves as both a GC and MC in elasmobranchs. I investigated the putative dual MC and GC roles of 1alpha-B by examining ex vivo regulation of interrenal 1alpha-B synthesis by osmoregulatory and stress hormones in the euryhaline stingray Dasyatis sabina. A commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay was adapted for the quantification of 1alpha-B. I also isolated cDNA sequences encoding two rate-limiting steroidogenic enzymes, the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), and characterized the steroidogenic activity of the encoded proteins using a heterologous expression system. Both the stress hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the antinatriuretic peptide angiotensin II (ANG II) were potently steroidogenic in ex vivo interrenal cultures, whereas C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) inhibited 1alpha-B synthesis. StAR and P450scc mRNA levels were increased by 24 h incubation with ACTH and decreased by both ANG II and CNP. To examine changes in osmoregulatory hormone systems that impinge upon 1alpha-B synthesis, I also isolated the cDNA sequences of the ANG II and CNP receptors, AT and NPR-B. Both AT and NPR-B mRNA levels were significantly elevated in osmoregulatory tissues of freshwater (FW; Lake Monroe, FL) versus saltwater (SW; Corpus Christi Bay, TX) populations of D. sabina. Interrenal StAR and NPR-B mRNA levels were also significantly higher in FW individuals. The physiological roles of 1alpha-B were further investigated in vivo by examining the effects of stress and FW transfer on interrenal synthesis of 1alpha-B. Plasma 1alpha-B and glucose were significantly elevated by hook-and-line capture stress, indicating that 1alpha-B acts in classical GC |
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Examining the role of LXRs in lipid metabolism and inflammation. $49.99 Defined by an imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and a chronic inflammatory state, atherosclerosis has become a leading cause of death in the developed world. Years ago, a family of transcription factors, the nuclear receptor superfamily, was established and found to be involved in various metabolic pathways. Specifically, the Liver X Receptors (LXRalpha and beta) have been identified as key regulators of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Utilizing a variety of biological approaches, we describe some recent findings that further our understanding of LXR. In the first section, the ability of LXRbeta to compensate for the loss of LXRalpha was demonstrated supporting the pharmaceutical industry's interest in targeting LXRbeta. This study presents definitive evidence that ligand activation of LXRbeta does not result in increased serum levels in contrast to LXRalpha activation. Using another investigative approach, a ligand independent LXR overexpression system, an AP2-LXRalpha, was employed to confirm the regulation of a novel LXR target gene. The discovery of a functional LXRE in the promoter region, in conjunction with gene expression analysis from primary macrophages and in vivo knockout models, ARL7 was determined to be a direct target of LXR. To discern what defines the target gene specificity of LXRs, chimera constructs were constructed and overexpressed in RAW cells. Gene expression indicates that the exchange of the N-terminus between receptors confers the ability to activate genes previously isoform specific. Unlike the PPAR family, LXR requires the physical presence of an N-terminus for target gene activation suggesting other factors are involved in regulation such as cofactors. In the final section, regulation differences between synthetic and endogenous ligands are examined through various molecular engineered models. A single amino acid change in the LXR receptor blocks the ability to respond to endogenous ligand. An LXRbeta knock-in model has been |
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Examining the role of LXRs in lipid metabolism and inflammation. $49.99 Defined by an imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and a chronic inflammatory state, atherosclerosis has become a leading cause of death in the developed world. Years ago, a family of transcription factors, the nuclear receptor superfamily, was established and found to be involved in various metabolic pathways. Specifically, the Liver X Receptors (LXRalpha and beta) have been identified as key regulators of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Utilizing a variety of biological approaches, we describe some recent findings that further our understanding of LXR. In the first section, the ability of LXRbeta to compensate for the loss of LXRalpha was demonstrated supporting the pharmaceutical industry's interest in targeting LXRbeta. This study presents definitive evidence that ligand activation of LXRbeta does not result in increased serum levels in contrast to LXRalpha activation. Using another investigative approach, a ligand independent LXR overexpression system, an AP2-LXRalpha, was employed to confirm the regulation of a novel LXR target gene. The discovery of a functional LXRE in the promoter region, in conjunction with gene expression analysis from primary macrophages and in vivo knockout models, ARL7 was determined to be a direct target of LXR. To discern what defines the target gene specificity of LXRs, chimera constructs were constructed and overexpressed in RAW cells. Gene expression indicates that the exchange of the N-terminus between receptors confers the ability to activate genes previously isoform specific. Unlike the PPAR family, LXR requires the physical presence of an N-terminus for target gene activation suggesting other factors are involved in regulation such as cofactors. In the final section, regulation differences between synthetic and endogenous ligands are examined through various molecular engineered models. A single amino acid change in the LXR receptor blocks the ability to respond to endogenous ligand. An LXRbeta knock-in model has been |
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia $53.23 Familial hypercholesterolemia (abbreviated FH, also spelled familial hypercholesterolaemia) is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, specifically very high low-density lipoprotein (LDL, “bad cholesterol”) levels, in the blood and early cardiovascular disease. Many patients have mutations in the LDLR gene that encodes the LDL receptor protein, which normally removes LDL from the circulation, or apolipoprotein B (ApoB), which is the part of LDL that binds with the receptor; mutations in other genes are rare. Patients who have one abnormal copy (are heterozygous) of the LDLR gene may have premature cardiovascular disease at the age of 30 to 40. Having two abnormal copies (being homozygous) may cause severe cardiovascular disease in childhood. Heterozygous FH is a common genetic disorder, occurring in 1:500 people in most countries; homozygous FH is much rarer, occurring in 1 in a million births. Heterozygous FH is normally treated with statins, bile acid sequestrants or other hypolipidemic agents that lower cholesterol levels. |
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Femoral head disarticulation disorder in chickens. $49.99 Femoral head disarticulation (FHD) is an idiopathic degenerative metabolic disorder of proximal femoral physis leading to lameness in chickens. It can lead to infection in the growth plate causing femoral head necrosis and/or osteomyelitis. It is sporadically seen in meat-type chickens particularly in broiler breeders causing negative impacts on the performance. The clinical signs of this disorder are difficult to diagnose in early stages but can be noticed in later stages when the chickens are lame. There are no diagnostic tools or etiological markers that can be used to identify this disorder in early stages and necropsy is the only way to find this disorder. To understand the etiology and pathogenesis of FHD suitable experimental models are needed. A pilot field study was conducted in broiler breeders during genetic selection based on the proximal femoral head cartilage to disarticulate with applied mild pressure. This was the basis for categorizing birds with FHD proclivity. Serum analysis of six-week old broiler breeders with FHD and growth plate lacerations showed that cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides levels were elevated. Therefore, experimental trials were conducted by feeding birds with high levels of fat and with either cholesterol or prednisolone injections during six weeks of age to induce FHD. Neither high fat diet nor birds injected with cholesterol caused any higher incidences of FHD. However, prednisolone injected chickens showed a significantly higher incidence of FHD and elevated levels of serum lipids. From these studies, it can be inferred that elevated lipid levels may be useful as surrogate markers for FHD susceptibility of chickens and prednisolone injected birds can be used as a model to study FHD in young chickens. |
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Femoral head disarticulation disorder in chickens. $49.99 Femoral head disarticulation (FHD) is an idiopathic degenerative metabolic disorder of proximal femoral physis leading to lameness in chickens. It can lead to infection in the growth plate causing femoral head necrosis and/or osteomyelitis. It is sporadically seen in meat-type chickens particularly in broiler breeders causing negative impacts on the performance. The clinical signs of this disorder are difficult to diagnose in early stages but can be noticed in later stages when the chickens are lame. There are no diagnostic tools or etiological markers that can be used to identify this disorder in early stages and necropsy is the only way to find this disorder. To understand the etiology and pathogenesis of FHD suitable experimental models are needed. A pilot field study was conducted in broiler breeders during genetic selection based on the proximal femoral head cartilage to disarticulate with applied mild pressure. This was the basis for categorizing birds with FHD proclivity. Serum analysis of six-week old broiler breeders with FHD and growth plate lacerations showed that cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides levels were elevated. Therefore, experimental trials were conducted by feeding birds with high levels of fat and with either cholesterol or prednisolone injections during six weeks of age to induce FHD. Neither high fat diet nor birds injected with cholesterol caused any higher incidences of FHD. However, prednisolone injected chickens showed a significantly higher incidence of FHD and elevated levels of serum lipids. From these studies, it can be inferred that elevated lipid levels may be useful as surrogate markers for FHD susceptibility of chickens and prednisolone injected birds can be used as a model to study FHD in young chickens. |
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Focus on Statin Research $137.72 The statins are a relatively new group of drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels. A high cholesterol level increases a person’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke. The long-term use of statins reduces the risk of such an event and can increase the life expectancy of people with a history of heart disease. The statins work by blocking an enzyme in the body that is involved in the production of LDL cholesterol, especially in the liver. This enzyme is known as HMG coenzyme A reductase. The statins are the most effective group of drugs for lowering the levels of LDL cholesterol in the body. Potential side-effects include muscle cramps and gastrointestinal upsets. These are usually resolved on temporarily lowering the dose. Liver enzyme derangements may occur, which generally return to normal after briefly discontinuing the drug. Some report headaches. Other side-effects occur rarely. This new book examines new research on this controversial drug. |
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Foods That Cause You to Lose Weight: The Negative Calorie Effect $1.99 An amazing discovery: Lose Weight–the more you eat the more you lose. Nutritionists have discovered that certain foods have an incredible “Negative Calorie” effect that can cause you to lose weight without stressful dieting or painful exercise. “Foods that Cause you to Lose Weight or the Negative Calorie Effect” book outlines the natural foods, fruits and vegetables, that melt down and drain it away. Great, too, for lowering dangerous cholesterol levels. |
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Gene identification for complex cardiovascular lipid traits. $49.99 Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in western societies and an example of a common complex disease influenced by multiple, potentially interacting genes and environmental factors. Genetic studies of complex diseases have proven difficult and the genetic causes of CAD remain elusive. It is anticipated that early-onset cases and endophenotypes of CAD, such as serum lipid levels, will provide greater power for genetic studies of CAD. The focus of this dissertation was to identify genes and variants associated with serum lipid levels using candidate-gene and genome-wide approaches in both familial cases with early-onset disease and population-based samples.;We investigated a candidate gene hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) located in a region of suggestive linkage to high triglycerides in Finnish dyslipidemic families. HNF4A is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of serum lipid and glucose levels, and thus an excellent candidate gene for CAD. We showed for the first time that common HNF4A variants are associated with serum lipid levels. Importantly, we investigated this gene for association in dyslipidemic families originating from two ancestral groups, and both Finns and Mexicans shared the associated HNF4A variants. We also demonstrated that the association with HNF4A explains much of the original linkage signal.;We fine mapped a region on chromosome 16q that has been consistently replicated for HDL cholesterol in linkage studies using a two-stage association analysis of tag-SNPs in dyslipidemic families and case and control study samples. We identified a region-wide significant SNP in the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene that explains much of the linkage signal on 16q. Importantly, we also demonstrated a population effect for this variant in a cross-sectional cohort and a longitudinal effect in a population-based prospective cohort with measurements at four different time points over twenty one years. |
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Gene identification for complex cardiovascular lipid traits. $49.99 Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in western societies and an example of a common complex disease influenced by multiple, potentially interacting genes and environmental factors. Genetic studies of complex diseases have proven difficult and the genetic causes of CAD remain elusive. It is anticipated that early-onset cases and endophenotypes of CAD, such as serum lipid levels, will provide greater power for genetic studies of CAD. The focus of this dissertation was to identify genes and variants associated with serum lipid levels using candidate-gene and genome-wide approaches in both familial cases with early-onset disease and population-based samples.;We investigated a candidate gene hepatic nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) located in a region of suggestive linkage to high triglycerides in Finnish dyslipidemic families. HNF4A is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of serum lipid and glucose levels, and thus an excellent candidate gene for CAD. We showed for the first time that common HNF4A variants are associated with serum lipid levels. Importantly, we investigated this gene for association in dyslipidemic families originating from two ancestral groups, and both Finns and Mexicans shared the associated HNF4A variants. We also demonstrated that the association with HNF4A explains much of the original linkage signal.;We fine mapped a region on chromosome 16q that has been consistently replicated for HDL cholesterol in linkage studies using a two-stage association analysis of tag-SNPs in dyslipidemic families and case and control study samples. We identified a region-wide significant SNP in the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene that explains much of the linkage signal on 16q. Importantly, we also demonstrated a population effect for this variant in a cross-sectional cohort and a longitudinal effect in a population-based prospective cohort with measurements at four different time points over twenty one years. |
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Genetic and functional studies of susceptibility genes in familial combined hyperlipidemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. $49.99 Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), characterized by elevated levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and/or triglycerides (TGs) is the most common form of familial dyslipidemia that predisposes to premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), characterized by elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HCL-C) levels is an independent risk factor for CHD and a component trait of FCHL. Both FCHL and HA are common complex disorders with the interplay of numerous genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the etiology. Genome-wide linkage analysis for both FCHL and HA have identified a number of linked loci; of which some overlap. The focus of this dissertation was to utilize human sequence variation to follow up regions of linkage in order to identify the genes and variants associated with the disease traits. In addition, a variant previously associated with FCHL was investigated in a replication study.;The upstream transcription factor I (USF 1) located on chromosome 1q23 was previously shown to be associated in Finnish FCHL families, with the strongest association observed for TGs in males. We investigated the previously associated SNP rs3737787 for association in Dutch FCHL families and a cohort of U.S. Whites. Consistent with the original study, we observed significant sex-dependent associations for TGs and related metabolic traits, with the rare allele associated in females of the U.S. Whites and the common allele conferring risk in males of the Dutch FCHL families and the U.S. Whites. Moreover, a highly significant genotype x sex interaction was observed for TGs in the Dutch FCHL families and TGs and BMI in the U.S. Whites.;A locus on chromosome 16q23-34 has been significantly linked to low levels of HDL-C in several genome-wide linkage studies. We employed a two-stage design to follow up this region of linkage using a tag-SNP strategy and identified one variant rs2548861 within the WWOX gene that was significantly |
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Genetic and functional studies of susceptibility genes in familial combined hyperlipidemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. $49.99 Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), characterized by elevated levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and/or triglycerides (TGs) is the most common form of familial dyslipidemia that predisposes to premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), characterized by elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HCL-C) levels is an independent risk factor for CHD and a component trait of FCHL. Both FCHL and HA are common complex disorders with the interplay of numerous genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the etiology. Genome-wide linkage analysis for both FCHL and HA have identified a number of linked loci; of which some overlap. The focus of this dissertation was to utilize human sequence variation to follow up regions of linkage in order to identify the genes and variants associated with the disease traits. In addition, a variant previously associated with FCHL was investigated in a replication study.;The upstream transcription factor I (USF 1) located on chromosome 1q23 was previously shown to be associated in Finnish FCHL families, with the strongest association observed for TGs in males. We investigated the previously associated SNP rs3737787 for association in Dutch FCHL families and a cohort of U.S. Whites. Consistent with the original study, we observed significant sex-dependent associations for TGs and related metabolic traits, with the rare allele associated in females of the U.S. Whites and the common allele conferring risk in males of the Dutch FCHL families and the U.S. Whites. Moreover, a highly significant genotype x sex interaction was observed for TGs in the Dutch FCHL families and TGs and BMI in the U.S. Whites.;A locus on chromosome 16q23-34 has been significantly linked to low levels of HDL-C in several genome-wide linkage studies. We employed a two-stage design to follow up this region of linkage using a tag-SNP strategy and identified one variant rs2548861 within the WWOX gene that was significantly |
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Guggul: Ayurveda’s Wonder Herb $1.99 Guggul (Commiphora mukul), long used by ayurvedic practitioners, possesses strong rejuvenating and purifying qualities. A potent antioxidant, guggul acts to lower “bad” LDL cholesterol levels and raise “good” HDL cholesterol levels. In addition, guggul has strong anti-inflammatory properties that can be useful in treating arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions. |
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Harvard Medical School Guide to Lowering Your Cholesterol $34.5 Offers a down-to-earth guide to controlling cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. |
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Healthy Heart Miracle: Your Roadmap to Lifelong Health $0.99 According to the latest research, a diet rich in high-fiber plants can reduce cholesterol levels by nearly 30 percent — as much as a statin drug — in as little as 4 weeks. That’s just part of the program in The Healthy Heart Miracle by Gabe Mirkin, M.D., author of the bestselling The Sportsmedicine Book, and nutrition expert Diana Mirkin.For those seeking to dramatically reduce their risk of heart attack, stroke, and diabetes, this simple 8-week program will work with or without cholesterol-lowering or blood pressure-lowering drugs. For people with heart disease, this program provides a roadmap for the lifestyle changes recommended by every cardiologist.The Healthy Heart Miracle was designed for busy lives. First, Dr. Mirkin explains the medical tests you need to understand your heart health status. Then you’ll get a jump-start on positive results with the SHOW ME! Diet, a 2-week miniprogram offering dramatic improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Later weeks ease you into Dr. Mirkin’s DASH Plus program. Menu plans, worksheets, and 50 delicious recipes make it easy to start and stay on this program — with no calorie counting, fat or carbohydrate gram counting, or portion measurements!Dr. Mirkin’s exercise plan is flexible for varied fitness levels. It promotes the newly accepted model of intensity followed by “easy days” for building muscle and reducing heart-harming belly fat.”The miracle of my DASH Plus program is your body’s great capacity to repair damage and revitalize itself,” writes Dr. Mirkin. “If you’re on the road to a heart attack, my 8-Week Plan will help you make a U-turn.” |
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Heart Revolution: The B Vitamin Breakthrough That Lowers Homocysteine, Cuts Your Risk of Heart Disease, and Protects Your Health $0.99 “…challenges the long-held assumption that lowering cholesterol is the key to preventing heart disease… explains how eating vitamin B-rich food can control homocysteine levels.” |
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Heart Revolution: The B Vitamin Breakthrough That Lowers Homocysteine, Cuts Your Risk of Heart Disease, and Protects Your Health $2.97 “…challenges the long-held assumption that lowering cholesterol is the key to preventing heart disease… explains how eating vitamin B-rich food can control homocysteine levels.” |
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High-Density Lipoprotein $49 High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL) that enable lipids like cholesterol and triglycerides to be transported within the water-based bloodstream. In healthy individuals, about thirty percent of blood cholesterol is carried by HDL. It is hypothesized that HDL can remove cholesterol from atheroma within arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilization, which is the main reason why HDL-bound cholesterol is sometimes called “good cholesterol”, or HDL-C. A high level of HDL-C seems to protect against cardiovascular diseases, and low HDL cholesterol levels (less than 40 mg/dL) increase the risk for heart disease. Cholesterol contained in HDL particles is considered beneficial for the cardiovascular health, in contrast to “bad” LDL cholesterol. |
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Inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway modulates the innate immune response. $49.99 Sepsis, which is the product of a poorly controlled inflammatory response, is a major health problem in the United States. There is not adequate therapy for sepsis and patient care is mainly supportive. Human clinical studies have indicated that statins, which are widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, may be beneficial in sepsis. We investigated the effect of statins on macrophage (M&phis;) CD14 expression. CD14 is the major binding site for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important mediator of gram-negative sepsis. This glycoprotein is found in both a membrane-bound form on the cell surface (mCD14) and in a soluble variant in circulation (sCD14). Treatment of RAW 264.7 M&phis;s with lovastatin resulted in elevated mCD14 levels and decreased sCD14 levels following LPS stimulation. The increase in mCD14 was dependent on depletion of the isoprenoid intermediate geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP) and subsequent inhibition of Rho GTPases, whereas the effect of lovastatin on sCD14 was not dependent on GGPP depletion alone. While increased mCD14 expression in the presence of lovastatin correlated with increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha secretion, decreased release of sCD14 may result in a diminished systemic response to LPS and therefore provide a benefit to septic patients.;Another inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis is itraconazole (ICZ), which blocks the pathway downstream of the isoprenoid intermediates, acting on lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. ICZ altered both the expression and glycosylation of CD14 in RAW 264.7 M&phis;s. The effect of ICZ on glycosylation was not due to trafficking since the protein was delivered to the cell surface and released as the soluble variant. Moreover, the alternately glycosylated form of CD14 appears to be functional as indicated by increased LPS-induced TNF-alpha release at a CD14-specific concentration of LPS. Metabolic labeling with [2-3H]-mannose revealed that no glycoproteins with |
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Inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway modulates the innate immune response. $49.99 Sepsis, which is the product of a poorly controlled inflammatory response, is a major health problem in the United States. There is not adequate therapy for sepsis and patient care is mainly supportive. Human clinical studies have indicated that statins, which are widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, may be beneficial in sepsis. We investigated the effect of statins on macrophage (M&phis;) CD14 expression. CD14 is the major binding site for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important mediator of gram-negative sepsis. This glycoprotein is found in both a membrane-bound form on the cell surface (mCD14) and in a soluble variant in circulation (sCD14). Treatment of RAW 264.7 M&phis;s with lovastatin resulted in elevated mCD14 levels and decreased sCD14 levels following LPS stimulation. The increase in mCD14 was dependent on depletion of the isoprenoid intermediate geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP) and subsequent inhibition of Rho GTPases, whereas the effect of lovastatin on sCD14 was not dependent on GGPP depletion alone. While increased mCD14 expression in the presence of lovastatin correlated with increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha secretion, decreased release of sCD14 may result in a diminished systemic response to LPS and therefore provide a benefit to septic patients.;Another inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis is itraconazole (ICZ), which blocks the pathway downstream of the isoprenoid intermediates, acting on lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. ICZ altered both the expression and glycosylation of CD14 in RAW 264.7 M&phis;s. The effect of ICZ on glycosylation was not due to trafficking since the protein was delivered to the cell surface and released as the soluble variant. Moreover, the alternately glycosylated form of CD14 appears to be functional as indicated by increased LPS-induced TNF-alpha release at a CD14-specific concentration of LPS. Metabolic labeling with [2-3H]-mannose revealed that no glycoproteins with |
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Insights into human neutral ceramidase transcription and the role of ceramide metabolism in the development of an inhibitor of restenosis. $49.99 Atherosclerosis is the predominant underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States and much of Europe, thus the prevention and successful treatment of atherosclerosis is of utmost importance in combating CVD. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries where inflammation induces a build up of fat- and cholesterol-laden immune cells and hyperproliferative vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Sphingolipids are naturally occurring lipids with important structural and signaling roles and have identified roles in multiple diseases including atherosclerosis, often due to dysfunctional regulation of their metabolism. The focus of our studies is to better understand the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism and how this may apply to the therapeutic treatment of atherosclerosis.;An important enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism is neutral ceramidase (nCDase). NCDase catalyzes the first step in the conversion of apoptotic ceramide into anti-apoptotic/pro-mitogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P). S-1-P has been reported to induce pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines involved in the atherogenic process, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta can induce nCDase transcription and protein expression, leading to increased S-1-P levels. As nCDase could have important ramifications on the progression of atherosclerosis, we chose to study the regulation of nCDase at the level of transcription. Our studies determined the proximal promoter of the nCDase gene and identified multiple functional transcription response elements within the proximal promoter. Furthermore, we determined that the growth factor- and cytokine-activated transcription factor, AP-1, regulated nCDase transcription. These studies have given us an insight into the transcription regulation of nCDase that may be exploited to control its expression.;Our studies of sphingolipid metabolism also focused on |
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Insights into human neutral ceramidase transcription and the role of ceramide metabolism in the development of an inhibitor of restenosis. $49.99 Atherosclerosis is the predominant underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States and much of Europe, thus the prevention and successful treatment of atherosclerosis is of utmost importance in combating CVD. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries where inflammation induces a build up of fat- and cholesterol-laden immune cells and hyperproliferative vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Sphingolipids are naturally occurring lipids with important structural and signaling roles and have identified roles in multiple diseases including atherosclerosis, often due to dysfunctional regulation of their metabolism. The focus of our studies is to better understand the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism and how this may apply to the therapeutic treatment of atherosclerosis.;An important enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism is neutral ceramidase (nCDase). NCDase catalyzes the first step in the conversion of apoptotic ceramide into anti-apoptotic/pro-mitogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P). S-1-P has been reported to induce pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines involved in the atherogenic process, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta can induce nCDase transcription and protein expression, leading to increased S-1-P levels. As nCDase could have important ramifications on the progression of atherosclerosis, we chose to study the regulation of nCDase at the level of transcription. Our studies determined the proximal promoter of the nCDase gene and identified multiple functional transcription response elements within the proximal promoter. Furthermore, we determined that the growth factor- and cytokine-activated transcription factor, AP-1, regulated nCDase transcription. These studies have given us an insight into the transcription regulation of nCDase that may be exploited to control its expression.;Our studies of sphingolipid metabolism also focused on |
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Limonene $15.6 A concise assessment of the risks to human health posed by exposure to limonene, a chemical released to the atmosphere in large amounts from certain trees and bushes as well as from anthropogenic sources. In industry, limonene is used as a solvent in degreasing metals prior to industrial painting, for cleaning in the electronic and printing industries, and as a solvent in paint. The compound is also used as a flavor and fragrance additive in food, household cleaning products, and perfumes. The document is part of a new series of brief reports aimed at the characterization of hazards and dose-response for exposures to selected industrial chemicals. With this goal in mind, documents focus on studies and findings considered critical for risk characterization. In experimental animals exposed to limonene, the liver is the principal target organ; exposure affects the amount and activity of different liver enzymes, liver weight, cholesterol levels, and bile flow. Studies indicate that limonene is not genotoxic and has no teratogenic or embryotoxic potential. No case reports or epidemiological studies were available for the evaluation of health effects in humans. For the general population, food is identified the principal source of exposure. The report established a guidance value for the ingestion of limonene of 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day. The report further concluded that, at current estimated levels of intake, limonene in food does not represent a significant risk to human health. |
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Long-term outcomes of a wellness program for Salt Lake County employees. $49.99 The Salt Lake Valley Health Department established a worksite intervention called the Healthy Lifestyle Incentive Program (HLIP) in 1990, as a voluntary option for 4000 eligible employees. Its initial impact on health risk factors was evaluated in 1996. After 18 years in operation, this study reports on facets of the program from three different studies, with the perspective of its long history.;Five different sets of guidelines from the literature and industry experts were synthesized, and a process evaluation on the existing program used the resulting 10 elements. A quantitative analysis used data gathered from archived records for employees who participated between 1997 and 2007. With a quasi-experimental retrospective cohort study design, dosage levels were compared to outcomes, with post hoc subgroup analysis. The indicator for dosage was the annual points earned by participants. A final study was a comparison between self-reports of health behaviors and the participants’ biometric outcomes over 10 years, as an evaluation of the accuracy of the self-reports upon which most of the program’s incentive-award system is based.;In the process evaluation, HLIP’s greatest strengths were found in comprehensive screening which addresses multiple health issues and a well-developed incentive plan. Weaknesses were found in involving stakeholder partners in program planning and in building cultural and social supports. A demographic summary showed that long-term participants in HLIP were more likely to be female, college educated, and White or Asian.;The quantitative analysis showed that decreasing BMI, body fat percent, and total blood cholesterol were significantly correlated with increased intervention dosage. Post hoc subgroup comparisons for BMI, blood pressure and blood cholesterol risk categories showed greatest improvements resulted for those in the highest risk levels.;On the basis of this study, HLIP has demonstrated effectiveness in many areas, and has the |
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Long-term outcomes of a wellness program for Salt Lake County employees. $49.99 The Salt Lake Valley Health Department established a worksite intervention called the Healthy Lifestyle Incentive Program (HLIP) in 1990, as a voluntary option for 4000 eligible employees. Its initial impact on health risk factors was evaluated in 1996. After 18 years in operation, this study reports on facets of the program from three different studies, with the perspective of its long history.;Five different sets of guidelines from the literature and industry experts were synthesized, and a process evaluation on the existing program used the resulting 10 elements. A quantitative analysis used data gathered from archived records for employees who participated between 1997 and 2007. With a quasi-experimental retrospective cohort study design, dosage levels were compared to outcomes, with post hoc subgroup analysis. The indicator for dosage was the annual points earned by participants. A final study was a comparison between self-reports of health behaviors and the participants’ biometric outcomes over 10 years, as an evaluation of the accuracy of the self-reports upon which most of the program’s incentive-award system is based.;In the process evaluation, HLIP’s greatest strengths were found in comprehensive screening which addresses multiple health issues and a well-developed incentive plan. Weaknesses were found in involving stakeholder partners in program planning and in building cultural and social supports. A demographic summary showed that long-term participants in HLIP were more likely to be female, college educated, and White or Asian.;The quantitative analysis showed that decreasing BMI, body fat percent, and total blood cholesterol were significantly correlated with increased intervention dosage. Post hoc subgroup comparisons for BMI, blood pressure and blood cholesterol risk categories showed greatest improvements resulted for those in the highest risk levels.;On the basis of this study, HLIP has demonstrated effectiveness in many areas, and has the |
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Lovastatin-dependent regulation of Rho expression and signaling in human trabecular meshwork cells. $49.99 Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) is maintained through balanced production and outflow of aqueous humor (AH). Contraction and relaxation of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells regulates AH outflow and IOP. Increased TM cell contractility chronically elevates IOP, which can contribute to pathogenesis of glaucoma. Activation of Rho GTP-binding proteins, including RhoA and RhoB, is associated with enhanced actin stress fiber polymerization and increased cellular contractility. Statins are a group of drugs that are clinically approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, increasing evidence suggests that statins exert beneficial effects independently of lowering cholesterol by depleting levels of small isoprenoid intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Isoprenoids such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) serve as lipid attachment anchors for members of the Rho family. Limitation of isoprenoid availability by statins reduces activation of Rho. As a result, Rho proteins remain in a largely inactive (GDP-bound), cytosolic state. Recently, statins have been associated experimentally with lower IOP in vivo, and a decreased risk of developing ocular hypertensive glaucoma. In vitro, statins have been shown to increase outflow through the TM. This effect was associated with a reduction in Rho activity. By comparison, expression of latent Rho G-proteins can be enhanced following statin treatment in human cells. The specific mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. This dissertation project was designed to examine the effects of statins on RhoA and RhoB G-protein expression and signaling in human TM cells. We have observed that lovastatin enhances constitutive RhoA expression by increasing stability of RhoA proteins. By comparison, lovastatin induces de novo mRNA and protein synthesis of RhoB, and increases stability of RhoB proteins. The effect of lovastatin on RhoA and RhoB accumulation is mediated through inhibition of Rho |
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Lovastatin-dependent regulation of Rho expression and signaling in human trabecular meshwork cells. $49.99 Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) is maintained through balanced production and outflow of aqueous humor (AH). Contraction and relaxation of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells regulates AH outflow and IOP. Increased TM cell contractility chronically elevates IOP, which can contribute to pathogenesis of glaucoma. Activation of Rho GTP-binding proteins, including RhoA and RhoB, is associated with enhanced actin stress fiber polymerization and increased cellular contractility. Statins are a group of drugs that are clinically approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, increasing evidence suggests that statins exert beneficial effects independently of lowering cholesterol by depleting levels of small isoprenoid intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Isoprenoids such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) serve as lipid attachment anchors for members of the Rho family. Limitation of isoprenoid availability by statins reduces activation of Rho. As a result, Rho proteins remain in a largely inactive (GDP-bound), cytosolic state. Recently, statins have been associated experimentally with lower IOP in vivo, and a decreased risk of developing ocular hypertensive glaucoma. In vitro, statins have been shown to increase outflow through the TM. This effect was associated with a reduction in Rho activity. By comparison, expression of latent Rho G-proteins can be enhanced following statin treatment in human cells. The specific mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. This dissertation project was designed to examine the effects of statins on RhoA and RhoB G-protein expression and signaling in human TM cells. We have observed that lovastatin enhances constitutive RhoA expression by increasing stability of RhoA proteins. By comparison, lovastatin induces de novo mRNA and protein synthesis of RhoB, and increases stability of RhoB proteins. The effect of lovastatin on RhoA and RhoB accumulation is mediated through inhibition of Rho |
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Low-Density Lipoprotein $42 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues. LDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins; these groups include chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), although some alternative organizational schemes have been proposed. Like all lipoproteins, LDL enables fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the blood stream. LDL also regulates cholesterol synthesis at these sites. It is used medically as part of a cholesterol blood test, and since high levels of LDL cholesterol can signal medical problems like cardiovascular disease, it is sometimes called “bad cholesterol”. |
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Lower Cholesterol without Drugs: A Practical Guide to Using Diet and Supplements for Healthy Cholesterol Levels $5.95 Roger Mason,Paperback – Revised, English-language edition,Pub by SAFE GOODS/New Century Publishing 2000 |
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Maitake Magic $15.95 Maitake Magic Can any other natural healing agent match the healing power of maitake mushroom? Studies show maitake can: Activate the immune system Hamper growth and spread of cancer cells Protect normal cells from environmental carcinogens Reduce side effects and augment chemotherapy and radiation treatments Activate the body’s immune defenses against bacterial and viral infections Prevent reducing CD4 cells in AIDS patients Help to halt HIV proliferation Reduce symptoms due to infection among HIV/AIDS patients Normalize blood sugar levels and the body’s insulin response Lower blood pressure and cholesterol Play a key role in weight loss Maitake is considered to be the fourth therapy in cancer treatmentâ?”after chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. In preliminary government-sanctioned studies, prostate and breast cancer patients given Maitake D-fraction have experienced growth inhibition, symptom release, tumor marker reduction, and immune enhancement. The more doctors learn about maitake mushroom, the more excited they become about its long-term health benefits. Now, with this new book by two of the world’s leading maitake researchers, the breakthroughs in the study of maitake mushroom are available to everyone. |
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Measurement of molecular clustering in two-dimensional systems by fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy: Application to EGF receptors on living cells. $49.99 The overall aim of the work is to investigate the clustering of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptors on the surfaces of live cells under physiological conditions. This involves the extension and validation of fluorescence-intensity distribution analysis to a two-dimensional membrane system. The method is validated using measurements of fluorescent molecules of different brightness on model membrane bilayers. Monte Carl simulation were employed and data generated by simulation were used to characterize the dependence of the shape of the chi 2 surface on various parameters. Measurements in the absence of the physiological ligand, EGF, show that the clustering of EGF receptor on the cell membrane depends on the membrane cholesterol levels. Chemical cross linking of receptors was employed as an independent method to assess the clustering of EGF receptors and confirmed the results of brightness analysis. Measurements in the presence of EGF will show how binding of this ligand to the receptor influences the equilibrium between monomer and higher order clusters at cell surface. |
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Measurement of molecular clustering in two-dimensional systems by fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy: Application to EGF receptors on living cells. $49.99 The overall aim of the work is to investigate the clustering of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptors on the surfaces of live cells under physiological conditions. This involves the extension and validation of fluorescence-intensity distribution analysis to a two-dimensional membrane system. The method is validated using measurements of fluorescent molecules of different brightness on model membrane bilayers. Monte Carl simulation were employed and data generated by simulation were used to characterize the dependence of the shape of the chi 2 surface on various parameters. Measurements in the absence of the physiological ligand, EGF, show that the clustering of EGF receptor on the cell membrane depends on the membrane cholesterol levels. Chemical cross linking of receptors was employed as an independent method to assess the clustering of EGF receptors and confirmed the results of brightness analysis. Measurements in the presence of EGF will show how binding of this ligand to the receptor influences the equilibrium between monomer and higher order clusters at cell surface. |
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Mechanism of peroxisomal targeting of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH) and its effect on hsEH stability and activity. $49.99 Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a homodimeric enzyme with a C-terminal epoxide hydrolase domain and an N-terminal phosphatase domain. sEH has been suggested to play a role in a variety of biological processes, like inflammation, hypertension, cell signaling and cholesterol synthesis, by modulating levels of its endogenous substrates. However, its biological significance in human remains unclear. Part of this unknown is due to controversy regarding human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH) subcellular localization. Despite the putative peroxisomal targeting sequences on the protein sequence, hsEH is dual localized in both peroxisomes and cytosol in human tissues. The unusual dual localization of hsEH, together with the differential localization of the substrates of hsEH C-terminal domain and N-terminal domain, suggests that gaining insight into the hsEH dual localization would pave way to understanding the clinical relevance of this enzyme. In this study, we utilized a GFP-fusion protein model to track movement of hsEH inside cells. We demonstrated that the peroxisomal localization of hsEH is determined not only by peroxisomal targeting sequences, but also modulated to some extent by hsEH quaternary structure and protein expression levels. In addition we also demonstrated that the peroxisomal localization protects hsEH from cytosolic degradation, thus stabilizing and increasing half-life and activities of enzyme localized to peroxisomes compared to the enzyme localized to cytosol. Surprisingly, we found that the C-terminal domain and the N-terminal domain of hsEH regulate cholesterol conversely. The C-terminal domain of hsEH decreases cholesterol, while N-terminal domain increases cholesterol. In addition, we also demonstrated that the role of hsEH in cholesterol regulation is influenced by subcellular localizations. Cholesterol regulating function of the C-terminal domain of hsEH is lost when it is located in the peroxisomes, whereas the N-terminal domain |
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Mechanism of peroxisomal targeting of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH) and its effect on hsEH stability and activity. $49.99 Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a homodimeric enzyme with a C-terminal epoxide hydrolase domain and an N-terminal phosphatase domain. sEH has been suggested to play a role in a variety of biological processes, like inflammation, hypertension, cell signaling and cholesterol synthesis, by modulating levels of its endogenous substrates. However, its biological significance in human remains unclear. Part of this unknown is due to controversy regarding human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH) subcellular localization. Despite the putative peroxisomal targeting sequences on the protein sequence, hsEH is dual localized in both peroxisomes and cytosol in human tissues. The unusual dual localization of hsEH, together with the differential localization of the substrates of hsEH C-terminal domain and N-terminal domain, suggests that gaining insight into the hsEH dual localization would pave way to understanding the clinical relevance of this enzyme. In this study, we utilized a GFP-fusion protein model to track movement of hsEH inside cells. We demonstrated that the peroxisomal localization of hsEH is determined not only by peroxisomal targeting sequences, but also modulated to some extent by hsEH quaternary structure and protein expression levels. In addition we also demonstrated that the peroxisomal localization protects hsEH from cytosolic degradation, thus stabilizing and increasing half-life and activities of enzyme localized to peroxisomes compared to the enzyme localized to cytosol. Surprisingly, we found that the C-terminal domain and the N-terminal domain of hsEH regulate cholesterol conversely. The C-terminal domain of hsEH decreases cholesterol, while N-terminal domain increases cholesterol. In addition, we also demonstrated that the role of hsEH in cholesterol regulation is influenced by subcellular localizations. Cholesterol regulating function of the C-terminal domain of hsEH is lost when it is located in the peroxisomes, whereas the N-terminal domain |
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Medifocus Guidebook on: High Blood Cholesterol $19.5 The MediFocus Guidebook on High Blood Cholesterol is the most comprehensive, up-to-date source of information available. You will get answers to your questions, including risk factors of High Blood Cholesterol, standard and alternative treatment options, leading doctors, hospitals and medical centers that specialize in High Blood Cholesterol, results of the latest clinical trials, support groups and additional resources, and promising new treatments on the horizon. This one of a kind Guidebook offers answers to your critical health questions including the latest treatments, clinical trials, and expert research; high quality, professional level information you can trust and understand culled from the latest peer-reviewed journals; and a unique resource to find leading experts, institutions, and support organizations including contact information and hyperlinks.High levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream is recognized as a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis (accumulation of plaque in the walls of the arteries that can cause blockages and reduce blood flow to an organ) and is, therefore, also a key risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). In the United States, CAD is responsible for about 500,000 deaths each year.The American Heart Association estimates that about 100 million Americans have total cholesterol levels between 200-239 mg/dL (defined as borderline high) and at least 40 million Americans have total cholesterol levels greater than 240 mg/dL (defined as high). These finding indicate that, based on levels of total cholesterol, at least 140 million people in the U.S. are at moderate to high risk for developing CAD.In general, there are two types of cholesterol: *Low-density lipoprotein (LDL): * carries most of the cholesterol in the bloodstream * commonly called bad cholesterol because too much LDL in the bloodstream can cause blocked arteries and increase the |
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Metabolic Syndrome Anatomical Chart $22.34 This chart explains Metabolic Syndrome, a constellation of factors including obesity, high glucose levels in the blood, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels. The graphics and easy-to-follow text illustrate and explain each of the risk factors in detail. The chart also lists causes, treatments, and the medical conditions associated with this disease. |
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Mixing It Up With Avocado $9.99 Have you ever hoped to find an appetizing way to implement healthy foods into your daily diet? Avocados can be added to virtually any meal, adding a variety of health benefits to dishes your family already enjoys. In addition, avocados are relatively inexpensive, and easy to prepare. The versatility and simplicity of the avocado make it an appealing fruit, however; many people are unaware of its benefits and the many uses of this super fruit. I have cooked with the avocado for the past two years, and I am pleased to say that it has helped me manage my cholesterol levels. I have thoroughly enjoyed using this fruit in many of the meals my family and I enjoy. I am thrilled to share my discovery of avocados with you. It is my sincere desire that you find this book beneficial; and that it allows you to experience the joys of the avocado, as I have. |
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Mixing It Up With Avocado $29.98 Have you ever hoped to find an appetizing way to implement healthy foods into your daily diet? Avocados can be added to virtually any meal, adding a variety of health benefits to dishes your family already enjoys. In addition, avocados are relatively inexpensive, and easy to prepare. The versatility and simplicity of the avocado make it an appealing fruit, however; many people are unaware of its benefits and the many uses of this super fruit. I have cooked with the avocado for the past two years, and I am pleased to say that it has helped me manage my cholesterol levels. I have thoroughly enjoyed using this fruit in many of the meals my family and I enjoy. I am thrilled to share my discovery of avocados with you. It is my sincere desire that you find this book beneficial; and that it allows you to experience the joys of the avocado, as I have. |
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Modulation of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism by drug treatment and dietary interventions. $49.99 Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the United States. Most of treatments that are currently used are low-fat diet (LFD) and statins. However, alternatives have been proposed such as low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and other drug treatments such as the use of inhibitors of secretory phospholipase A2 (i-sPLA2). Thus, in order to test whether they are an adequate alternative, two guinea pig studies were conducted.;The first study evaluated the effect of an i-sPLA2 on the prevention of atherosclerosis. The association of elevated levels of sPLA 2 in patients with cardiovascular diseases and their presence in atherosclerotic lesions suggest the participation of sPLA2 in this disease. Twenty-four guinea pigs were fed an atherogenic diet for twelve weeks. Half of them were treated with A-002, the i-sPLA2. The other animals were used as control. There was no difference on plasma lipids between groups, however, there was less inflammation (p<0.05) in aorta from the i-sPLA2 group. This group had a reduction in cholesterol in aorta compared with control group. Therefore, A-002 prevents atherosclerosis.;The second study evaluated whether LCD prevent atherosclerosis. Since satiety positively affects the results of dietary interventions, the effects of LCD on appetite hormones were compared to those of LFD. Animals were subjected to LCD or LFD for 12 weeks. The LCD group gained while animals fed LFD lost weight. The amount of food intake was not different suggesting that food density and gastric distension played a role in satiety. There was no difference in leptin levels, which excludes the hypothesis of leptin resistance in the LCD group. However, the heavier animals that were fed LFD had impairment in insulin sensitivity, which was not observed in those fed LCD. Thus, the association between weight gain and insulin resistance seems to be dependent on high carbohydrate intake.;The effects of both LCD and LFD on atherosclerosis were also evaluated. |
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Modulation of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism by drug treatment and dietary interventions. $49.99 Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the United States. Most of treatments that are currently used are low-fat diet (LFD) and statins. However, alternatives have been proposed such as low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and other drug treatments such as the use of inhibitors of secretory phospholipase A2 (i-sPLA2). Thus, in order to test whether they are an adequate alternative, two guinea pig studies were conducted.;The first study evaluated the effect of an i-sPLA2 on the prevention of atherosclerosis. The association of elevated levels of sPLA 2 in patients with cardiovascular diseases and their presence in atherosclerotic lesions suggest the participation of sPLA2 in this disease. Twenty-four guinea pigs were fed an atherogenic diet for twelve weeks. Half of them were treated with A-002, the i-sPLA2. The other animals were used as control. There was no difference on plasma lipids between groups, however, there was less inflammation (p<0.05) in aorta from the i-sPLA2 group. This group had a reduction in cholesterol in aorta compared with control group. Therefore, A-002 prevents atherosclerosis.;The second study evaluated whether LCD prevent atherosclerosis. Since satiety positively affects the results of dietary interventions, the effects of LCD on appetite hormones were compared to those of LFD. Animals were subjected to LCD or LFD for 12 weeks. The LCD group gained while animals fed LFD lost weight. The amount of food intake was not different suggesting that food density and gastric distension played a role in satiety. There was no difference in leptin levels, which excludes the hypothesis of leptin resistance in the LCD group. However, the heavier animals that were fed LFD had impairment in insulin sensitivity, which was not observed in those fed LCD. Thus, the association between weight gain and insulin resistance seems to be dependent on high carbohydrate intake.;The effects of both LCD and LFD on atherosclerosis were also evaluated. |
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Modulation of inflammatory response and appetite regulation by egg intake. $49.99 The objective of these studies was to examine the effects of egg consumption on inflammatory response and appetite regulation. This was assessed using a randomized, single blinded study conducted with 28 overweight/obese men (BMI: 25-37 kg/m2) 40-70 years of age. Subjects followed a carbohydrate restricted diet (CRD) with approximately 10% of energy coming from carbohydrates. Subjects were allocated to either the EGG group [3 eggs/day (640 mg/d additional dietary cholesterol)] or the SUB group [no additional dietary cholesterol] for 12 wk. Body weight, total body fat and trunk fat were reduced for all subjects after 12 wk (P < 0.0001). Subjects in the EGG group had a 21% increase in adiponectin compared to a 7% increase in the SUB group (P < 0.05). Plasma CRP was significantly decreased in the EGG group (P < 0.05). MCP-1 levels were decreased for the SUB group (P< 0.001). Additionally, these subjects experienced changes in appetite regulation. Fasting insulin (P<0.025) and fasting leptin (P<0.01) were reduced for both groups, which were correlated with the reductions in body weight and body fat (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Both groups reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P<0.025). Serum glucose levels decreased after 12 wks. There were no changes in plasma ghrelin. The visual analog scale (VAS) showed that both groups felt more "full" (P<0.05) "satisfied" (P<0.001) and "wanted to eat less" (P<0.001). Postprandial appetite was assessed using a crossover design, in 21 men, 20-70 years of age. They consumed two isocaloric test breakfasts in a random order separated by one week. The composition of the breakfasts were: (EGG, % CHO:fat:protein = 22:55:23) and (BAGEL, % CHO:fat:protein = 72:12:16). Blood was drawn at baseline and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. Subjects consumed fewer calories after EGG compared to BAGEL (p<0.01). After EGG, subjects were less |
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Modulation of inflammatory response and appetite regulation by egg intake. $49.99 The objective of these studies was to examine the effects of egg consumption on inflammatory response and appetite regulation. This was assessed using a randomized, single blinded study conducted with 28 overweight/obese men (BMI: 25-37 kg/m2) 40-70 years of age. Subjects followed a carbohydrate restricted diet (CRD) with approximately 10% of energy coming from carbohydrates. Subjects were allocated to either the EGG group [3 eggs/day (640 mg/d additional dietary cholesterol)] or the SUB group [no additional dietary cholesterol] for 12 wk. Body weight, total body fat and trunk fat were reduced for all subjects after 12 wk (P < 0.0001). Subjects in the EGG group had a 21% increase in adiponectin compared to a 7% increase in the SUB group (P < 0.05). Plasma CRP was significantly decreased in the EGG group (P < 0.05). MCP-1 levels were decreased for the SUB group (P< 0.001). Additionally, these subjects experienced changes in appetite regulation. Fasting insulin (P<0.025) and fasting leptin (P<0.01) were reduced for both groups, which were correlated with the reductions in body weight and body fat (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Both groups reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P<0.025). Serum glucose levels decreased after 12 wks. There were no changes in plasma ghrelin. The visual analog scale (VAS) showed that both groups felt more "full" (P<0.05) "satisfied" (P<0.001) and "wanted to eat less" (P<0.001). Postprandial appetite was assessed using a crossover design, in 21 men, 20-70 years of age. They consumed two isocaloric test breakfasts in a random order separated by one week. The composition of the breakfasts were: (EGG, % CHO:fat:protein = 22:55:23) and (BAGEL, % CHO:fat:protein = 72:12:16). Blood was drawn at baseline and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. Subjects consumed fewer calories after EGG compared to BAGEL (p<0.01). After EGG, subjects were less |
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Overcoming Hypertension $1.11 Like a time bomb ticking away, hypertension builds quietly, gradually, placing unbearable strain on the body until it explodes—in heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, arterial disease, even death. But the disease does not have to progress that way. Here, in the third volume of the highly acclaimed Preventive Medicine Program, Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper, one of the nations foremost experts in the field of preventive medicine, presents a medically sound, reassuringly simple program that help you lower you blood pressure—and keep it down, often without drugs. Overcoming Hypertension gives you:—The latest facts on how cholesterol, cigarette smoking, obesity, and stress affect coronary risk levels.—Your high blood pressure risk profile, with newly devised charts for men and women.—A complete fitness program that lets you choose the sport that works for you. Plus a unique illustrated guide to aqua-aerobics.—Tips on talking to your doctor that will help you become an active participant in your own recovery.—A guide to anti-hypertensive drugs—the most up-to-date list of medications, their recommended daily doses, and ways to minimize side effects.—Three distinct dietary programs, complete with menus, recipes, nutritional charts, healthy cooking tips, and much more.—Take charge of your health and well-being with Overcoming Hypertension. |
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Perfluorooctanoic Acid $50 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), also known as C8 and perfluorooctanoate, is a synthetic, stable perfluorinated carboxylic acid and fluorosurfactant. One industrial application is as surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of fluoropolymers. PFOA has been produced since the 1940s in industrial synthesis. It is also formed by the degradation of precursors such as some fluorotelomers. PFOA is indefinitely persistent in the environment. It is a toxicant and carcinogen in animals. In people, it is detected in the blood of general populations in the low parts per billion range where single studies have associated it with infertility, higher cholesterol, and thyroid disease. In highly exposed groups, some studies have associated PFOA exposure with birth defects, increased cancer rates, and changes to lipid levels, the immune system and liver-effects identified in animals. |
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Phytosterols as Functional Food Components and Nutraceuticals $77.95 Responding to the magnitude of publicity currently centering on phytosterol utilization and efficacy, this reference compiles an impressive array of studies on the properties and role of phytosterols in functional food production and public health – documenting the occurrence, analysis, and biological effects of phytosterols to enhance and improve the production and development of functional food ingredients. Reveals advances that are sure to impact the future of the natural food and nutraceutical industries and revolutionize the world of preventive medicine. Aiming to harness and understand the potential of phytosterol substances for the prevention of common diseases afflicting society, Phytosterols as Functional Food Components and Nutraceuticalsillustrates the impact of phytosterols on total and LDL cholesterol levels, studies the role of sterols in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention, highlights recent developments affecting phytosterol oxidation products, examines commercially available foods enriched with Phytosterols, and details future prospects of phytosterols in public health quality. |
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Pulse wave analysis in type 1 diabetes: Relationship with historical measures and prevalent disease. $49.99 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with numerous complications. These include renal and cardiovascular disease which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in T1D. Renal complications also increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Early detection and treatment of their risk factors may help to prevent or at least delay these complications. This dissertation examines potential risk factors for altered measures of pulse wave analysis (PWA), which have been linked to cardiovascular events and mortality in other populations. It also examines how PWA measures relate to prevalent cardiovascular and renal complications in T1D.;Prospective analyses of potential risk factors for increased arterial stiffness indices, augmentation index (AIx) and augmentation pressure (AP), and decreased estimated myocardial perfusion, i.e. subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), showed autonomic neuropathy, smoking history, low HDL cholesterol and poorer glycemic control, to be associated with altered PWA measures 18 years later.;Next, cross-sectional analyses between PWA measures and prevalent CVD showed AP and SEVR to be significantly related to coronary artery disease and coronary artery calcification, respectively, although age was the major predictor of both. AP was also higher, although not significantly, and SEVR significantly lower in those with peripheral vascular disease.;Finally, SEVR, but not AIx nor AP, was significantly associated with the presence of microalbuminuria (MA), and preferentially entered multivariate models over brachial blood pressure measures. SEVR was also related to degree of albuminuria in those within the normo- and MA range, and was significantly associated, multivariately, with low renal function.;This dissertation thus yields significant Public Health findings by identifying factors (AN, smoking, glycemic control, lipid levels) that may delay increased arterial stiffness (AIx and AP) and decreased myocardial perfusion (SEVR). As it |
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Pulse wave analysis in type 1 diabetes: Relationship with historical measures and prevalent disease. $49.99 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with numerous complications. These include renal and cardiovascular disease which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in T1D. Renal complications also increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Early detection and treatment of their risk factors may help to prevent or at least delay these complications. This dissertation examines potential risk factors for altered measures of pulse wave analysis (PWA), which have been linked to cardiovascular events and mortality in other populations. It also examines how PWA measures relate to prevalent cardiovascular and renal complications in T1D.;Prospective analyses of potential risk factors for increased arterial stiffness indices, augmentation index (AIx) and augmentation pressure (AP), and decreased estimated myocardial perfusion, i.e. subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), showed autonomic neuropathy, smoking history, low HDL cholesterol and poorer glycemic control, to be associated with altered PWA measures 18 years later.;Next, cross-sectional analyses between PWA measures and prevalent CVD showed AP and SEVR to be significantly related to coronary artery disease and coronary artery calcification, respectively, although age was the major predictor of both. AP was also higher, although not significantly, and SEVR significantly lower in those with peripheral vascular disease.;Finally, SEVR, but not AIx nor AP, was significantly associated with the presence of microalbuminuria (MA), and preferentially entered multivariate models over brachial blood pressure measures. SEVR was also related to degree of albuminuria in those within the normo- and MA range, and was significantly associated, multivariately, with low renal function.;This dissertation thus yields significant Public Health findings by identifying factors (AN, smoking, glycemic control, lipid levels) that may delay increased arterial stiffness (AIx and AP) and decreased myocardial perfusion (SEVR). As it |
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Pulse wave analysis in type 1 diabetes: Relationship with historical measures and prevalent disease. $108 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with numerous complications. These include renal and cardiovascular disease which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in T1D. Renal complications also increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Early detection and treatment of their risk factors may help to prevent or at least delay these complications. This dissertation examines potential risk factors for altered measures of pulse wave analysis (PWA), which have been linked to cardiovascular events and mortality in other populations. It also examines how PWA measures relate to prevalent cardiovascular and renal complications in T1D.;Prospective analyses of potential risk factors for increased arterial stiffness indices, augmentation index (AIx) and augmentation pressure (AP), and decreased estimated myocardial perfusion, i.e. subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), showed autonomic neuropathy, smoking history, low HDL cholesterol and poorer glycemic control, to be associated with altered PWA measures 18 years later.;Next, cross-sectional analyses between PWA measures and prevalent CVD showed AP and SEVR to be significantly related to coronary artery disease and coronary artery calcification, respectively, although age was the major predictor of both. AP was also higher, although not significantly, and SEVR significantly lower in those with peripheral vascular disease.;Finally, SEVR, but not AIx nor AP, was significantly associated with the presence of microalbuminuria (MA), and preferentially entered multivariate models over brachial blood pressure measures. SEVR was also related to degree of albuminuria in those within the normo- and MA range, and was significantly associated, multivariately, with low renal function.;This dissertation thus yields significant Public Health findings by identifying factors (AN, smoking, glycemic control, lipid levels) that may delay increased arterial stiffness (AIx and AP) and decreased myocardial perfusion (SEVR). As it |
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Recipes And Meal Planning For The Happy Healthy Senior $1.04 In writing this book it gave me extra motivation in my struggle in dealing with meal planning because of my food related illnesses. To one senior to another, the struggle in determining the healthiest way to eat can carry some stress. As you stroll through the pages of this book every recipe will hold a special need for you to start cooking. Eating is a must, and eating the proper foods to maintain good health is also. We as members of the senior hood should have the best in planning our meals, not less. Don’t let what is going on now in your meals keep you from having meals full of flavors, taste, and just mouth watering goodness. Cook a meal for one two, even three, have leftovers for another day, not another month. With a good variety in foods, and portion control we can battle our illnesses and still eat great. Give High glucose levels, high blood pressure, high sodium, and cholesterol a big kick to the curb, for the sake of good health.To understand the struggles, one has to know the struggles, and we do right?We as the elderly have a connection in 95% of our lives, the sicknesses we share. Good sharing in ways to eat is only a turn, and a page away, come on and read why I feel happy and healthy after meals again. Let’s walk hand and hand down the road to better, and healthier food choices, by taking familiar foods, and changing them from unhealthy to healthy and happy. |
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Regulation and function of HSD17B7 enzyme in tumorigenesis and fetal survival. $49.99 Prolactin Receptor Associated Protein/17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (HSD17B7) is a novel enzyme discovered by our laboratory in the rodent and human corpus luteum and in the HC11 mammary gland cancer cell line. HSD17B7 is the only known enzyme able to convert the weak estrone to the potent estradiol in luteal cells. Estradiol plays an essential role in the development and steroidogenic capacity of the corpus luteum by stimulating vascularization as well as progesterone synthesis. Abundant expression of HSD17B7 by rodent corpus luteum begins around mid-pregnancy and coincides with an increase in the production of both luteal estradiol and that of its cognate receptor. Recently HSD17B7 was shown to have dual activity, also playing a key role in cholesterol biosynthesis. Because of the physiological importance of estradiol and cholesterol in many processes, we hypothesized that the expression and regulation of HSD17B7 might be crucial for the maintenance of pregnancy and development of breast cancer. To assess the functional significance of HSD17B7, we generated a knockout mouse with a targeted disruption of the hsdl7b7 gene. We anticipated that this mouse would have a severe fertility defect due to its inability to regulate estrogen levels during pregnancy. To our surprise, the breeding of heterozygous mice yielded no viable HSD17B7 null mice. However, we found HSD17B7 null embryo alive in utero on days 8.5 and 9.5. By day 10.5, the fetuses ceased to grow and suffered from anencephaly and from a heart defect. Since development of the brain depends on in situ cholesterol biosynthesis in both human and rodent, the major cause of fetal death appears to be due to the cholesterol synthetic activity of this enzyme. Thus by ablating HSD17B7 function, we have uncovered, in vivo, an important requirement for this enzyme in normal brain development. We have also found that hsd17b7 is highly expressed in ductal carcinoma whereas it is barely detectable in |
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Regulation and function of HSD17B7 enzyme in tumorigenesis and fetal survival. $49.99 Prolactin Receptor Associated Protein/17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (HSD17B7) is a novel enzyme discovered by our laboratory in the rodent and human corpus luteum and in the HC11 mammary gland cancer cell line. HSD17B7 is the only known enzyme able to convert the weak estrone to the potent estradiol in luteal cells. Estradiol plays an essential role in the development and steroidogenic capacity of the corpus luteum by stimulating vascularization as well as progesterone synthesis. Abundant expression of HSD17B7 by rodent corpus luteum begins around mid-pregnancy and coincides with an increase in the production of both luteal estradiol and that of its cognate receptor. Recently HSD17B7 was shown to have dual activity, also playing a key role in cholesterol biosynthesis. Because of the physiological importance of estradiol and cholesterol in many processes, we hypothesized that the expression and regulation of HSD17B7 might be crucial for the maintenance of pregnancy and development of breast cancer. To assess the functional significance of HSD17B7, we generated a knockout mouse with a targeted disruption of the hsdl7b7 gene. We anticipated that this mouse would have a severe fertility defect due to its inability to regulate estrogen levels during pregnancy. To our surprise, the breeding of heterozygous mice yielded no viable HSD17B7 null mice. However, we found HSD17B7 null embryo alive in utero on days 8.5 and 9.5. By day 10.5, the fetuses ceased to grow and suffered from anencephaly and from a heart defect. Since development of the brain depends on in situ cholesterol biosynthesis in both human and rodent, the major cause of fetal death appears to be due to the cholesterol synthetic activity of this enzyme. Thus by ablating HSD17B7 function, we have uncovered, in vivo, an important requirement for this enzyme in normal brain development. We have also found that hsd17b7 is highly expressed in ductal carcinoma whereas it is barely detectable in |
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Regulation of bile acid biosynthesis by orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. $49.99 Cholesterol is essential in many biological activities in mammalian cells. Conversion of hepatic cholesterol into bile acids is a major pathway to eliminate cholesterol from the body. However, excess amounts of cholesterol and bile acids are pathogenic. Therefore, the levels of cholesterol and bile acids need to be tightly regulated. Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a liver specific P450 enzyme, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in this process. Increased levels of bile acids repress transcription of CYP7A1 in a feedback manner. Bile acid-activated FXR increases the transcription of small heterodimer partner (SHP), an orphan nuclear receptor. SHP interacts with hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) or liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) on the CYP7A1 promoter, and represses CYP7A1. Recently, an intestinal fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 has been reported to repress CYP7A1 transcription, which is also depending on SHP expression. In addition to SHP-dependent pathways, xenobiotic nuclear receptors, such as pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), have been implicated to play a role in bile acid-mediated repression of CYP7A1. The overall aim of this study is to delineate molecular mechanisms by which the bile acid biosynthesis is regulated in SHP-independent and SHP-dependent pathways. First, the molecular mechanism of CAR-mediated transcriptional repression of CYP7A1 was examined. It was demonstrated that CAR not only competes with HNF-4 for binding to the CYP7A1, but also competes with HNF4 for common coactivators, such as PGC-1alpha and GRIP-1. These events lead to the dissociation of coactivators from the CYP7A1 promoter, resulting in suppression of the gene. This study provides evidence of a new function for xenobiotic nuclear receptors in regulation of bile acid biosynthesis. SHP-mediated transcriptional repression of CYP7A1 in a native chromatin context was examined. SHP actively recruits an mSin3A/HDAC-1 deactylase |
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Regulation of bile acid biosynthesis by orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. $49.99 Cholesterol is essential in many biological activities in mammalian cells. Conversion of hepatic cholesterol into bile acids is a major pathway to eliminate cholesterol from the body. However, excess amounts of cholesterol and bile acids are pathogenic. Therefore, the levels of cholesterol and bile acids need to be tightly regulated. Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a liver specific P450 enzyme, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in this process. Increased levels of bile acids repress transcription of CYP7A1 in a feedback manner. Bile acid-activated FXR increases the transcription of small heterodimer partner (SHP), an orphan nuclear receptor. SHP interacts with hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) or liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) on the CYP7A1 promoter, and represses CYP7A1. Recently, an intestinal fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19 has been reported to repress CYP7A1 transcription, which is also depending on SHP expression. In addition to SHP-dependent pathways, xenobiotic nuclear receptors, such as pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), have been implicated to play a role in bile acid-mediated repression of CYP7A1. The overall aim of this study is to delineate molecular mechanisms by which the bile acid biosynthesis is regulated in SHP-independent and SHP-dependent pathways. First, the molecular mechanism of CAR-mediated transcriptional repression of CYP7A1 was examined. It was demonstrated that CAR not only competes with HNF-4 for binding to the CYP7A1, but also competes with HNF4 for common coactivators, such as PGC-1alpha and GRIP-1. These events lead to the dissociation of coactivators from the CYP7A1 promoter, resulting in suppression of the gene. This study provides evidence of a new function for xenobiotic nuclear receptors in regulation of bile acid biosynthesis. SHP-mediated transcriptional repression of CYP7A1 in a native chromatin context was examined. SHP actively recruits an mSin3A/HDAC-1 deactylase |
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Rheopheresis $50.2 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Rheopheresis is an process to change the viscocity of blood by filtering blood to remove some components such as fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and LDL cholesterol. It is experimental treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Acute Ischemic Stroke. Some trials have given disappointing results for AMD but two german studies (72 and 43 patients) reported good results in 2009. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins, which in order of size, largest to smallest, are chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL, that enable lipids like cholesterol and triglycerides to be transported within the water-based bloodstream. Medically, estimates of cholesterol content carried by LDL particles are used as part of a cholesterol blood test; direct LDL measurements are also available. Since higher levels of LDL particles can promote medical problems like cardiovascular disease, they are often called the bad cholesterol particles, (as opposed to HDL particles, which are frequently referred to as good cholesterol or healthy cholesterol particles). |
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Slim and Recovered: With the Qualitative Method $62.51 As an alternative therapist with “limited” knowledge, I actually have greater freedom and objectivity in performing my analyses, since I am not bound by the restrictions of the standard theories. For example, since the emergence of the idea that carbohydrates and excess calories are the causes of obesity, nearly all subsequent theories have involved “carbo diets,” “carbo detox” or “low-calorie diets,” “calorie burning,” and the like. However, my observations and practice over the past dozen years have proven that carbohydrates, fats, and sugar, and possibly blood type, affect body weight increase only when a person consumes greater than normal quantities. If dietary intake is too low (less than normal), thus not meeting the body’s needs for cell growth, these factors have little or no influence. Why does the title of this book combine the words “slim” and “recovered?” Simply because in over 80 percent of obesity cases, the patients have other health problems as well. The most common complaint is acute or chronic gastric problems; others include vertigo, anemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, heart, liver and kidney problems, and menstrual difficulties. So we can see that excess body weight is closely related to other health complaints. In Slim and Recovered, Ping Wang analyzes the problems of being overweight and disease, based solely on his observations and experience in therapeutic practice. He limits the illnesses discussed here to those that have been handled with satisfactory results providing greater insight. The basic philosophy introduced in this book is that we should not consume more food than our digestive organs can handle, so that we can avoid obesity and other health problems; and we should not deceive ourselves by thinking that fruit, vegetables, and water will not make us fat. These cases are analyzed from a perspective that is unconventional, yet based on reality. Discover the |
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Spatial and temporal patterns of cardiovascular disease in the United States and England: A comparison of data from national health surveillance databases. $49.99 Cardiovascular disease has been identified as a major public health problem in the United States and England. National health surveillance data are collected in both countries to monitor the health of their populations. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate geographical and temporal patterns of cardiovascular disease risk factors, symptoms, and diagnoses by comparing data drawn from the National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the United States and the Health Survey for England (HSE) in England for 1998–2000 and 2003–2004.;Five hypotheses are tested to investigate patterns of cardiovascular disease among adults 40 years and older by race/ethnicity using data from the three surveillance databases. Methods used to test the hypotheses include calculating prevalence and confidence intervals, testing for differences in proportions, calculating odds ratios and confidence intervals, and logistic regression modeling. The logistic regression models test the effects of different survey methods and regional variables on the probability of cardiovascular disease diagnosis given individual demographic characteristics and risk factors.;Analyses of all three databases confirm that people are more likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular disease if they are also diagnosed with hypertension and high cholesterol levels. The proportion of people living with hypertension and high cholesterol levels increased for nearly all racial/ethnic groups from the first time period to the second. In the U.S., older males with lower socioeconomic status, hypertension, and high cholesterol living in southern states have an increased probability of cardiovascular disease diagnoses. In England, regional variables were not as important in explaining cardiovascular disease diagnoses.;This research underscores the importance and challenges of international comparative studies on health outcomes and risk factors. |
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Spatial and temporal patterns of cardiovascular disease in the United States and England: A comparison of data from national health surveillance databases. $49.99 Cardiovascular disease has been identified as a major public health problem in the United States and England. National health surveillance data are collected in both countries to monitor the health of their populations. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate geographical and temporal patterns of cardiovascular disease risk factors, symptoms, and diagnoses by comparing data drawn from the National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the United States and the Health Survey for England (HSE) in England for 1998–2000 and 2003–2004.;Five hypotheses are tested to investigate patterns of cardiovascular disease among adults 40 years and older by race/ethnicity using data from the three surveillance databases. Methods used to test the hypotheses include calculating prevalence and confidence intervals, testing for differences in proportions, calculating odds ratios and confidence intervals, and logistic regression modeling. The logistic regression models test the effects of different survey methods and regional variables on the probability of cardiovascular disease diagnosis given individual demographic characteristics and risk factors.;Analyses of all three databases confirm that people are more likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular disease if they are also diagnosed with hypertension and high cholesterol levels. The proportion of people living with hypertension and high cholesterol levels increased for nearly all racial/ethnic groups from the first time period to the second. In the U.S., older males with lower socioeconomic status, hypertension, and high cholesterol living in southern states have an increased probability of cardiovascular disease diagnoses. In England, regional variables were not as important in explaining cardiovascular disease diagnoses.;This research underscores the importance and challenges of international comparative studies on health outcomes and risk factors. |
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Structural and functional markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease in urban police officers and a general population sample. $49.99 Objectives. The Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study examines a cohort of urban police officers from Buffalo, NY, and assesses the impact of a high-stress occupation on cardiovascular disease (CVD), psychosocial and physiological outcomes. The objective of this study is to compare subclinical markers of atherosclerosis between police officers (n=312) and a general population sample of men and women (n=318), recruited from the same geographical region, and free of clinical CVD at the time of participation.;Methods. B-mode ultrasound imaging was used to measure carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), as markers of structural and functional subclinical CVD respectively. CVD risk factor levels were also measured on-site.;Results. Compared to controls, police officers had significantly elevated age-adjusted CVD risk factor levels (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, prevalence of current smoking and current alcohol consumers). In multiple linear regression models, police officers had an increased mean common carotid IMT (0.031mm, p=0.02), mean maximum carotid IMT (0.043mm, p=0.02), and decreased % FMD (-0.750%, p=0.12) compared to the control sample, after adjustment for age, gender, and CVD risk factors [Body Mass Index (BMI), education, race, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score]. In order to reduce healthy worker bias, an additional analysis was conducted with a restricted sample that only included employed controls. Police officers still exhibited significantly increased structural and functional subclinical CVD compared to controls, even after adjustment for all variables previously listed.;Discussion. In this study, police officers exhibited increased subclinical structural and functional CVD compared to a similarly aged civilian sample. |
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Structural and functional markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease in urban police officers and a general population sample. $49.99 Objectives. The Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study examines a cohort of urban police officers from Buffalo, NY, and assesses the impact of a high-stress occupation on cardiovascular disease (CVD), psychosocial and physiological outcomes. The objective of this study is to compare subclinical markers of atherosclerosis between police officers (n=312) and a general population sample of men and women (n=318), recruited from the same geographical region, and free of clinical CVD at the time of participation.;Methods. B-mode ultrasound imaging was used to measure carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), as markers of structural and functional subclinical CVD respectively. CVD risk factor levels were also measured on-site.;Results. Compared to controls, police officers had significantly elevated age-adjusted CVD risk factor levels (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, prevalence of current smoking and current alcohol consumers). In multiple linear regression models, police officers had an increased mean common carotid IMT (0.031mm, p=0.02), mean maximum carotid IMT (0.043mm, p=0.02), and decreased % FMD (-0.750%, p=0.12) compared to the control sample, after adjustment for age, gender, and CVD risk factors [Body Mass Index (BMI), education, race, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score]. In order to reduce healthy worker bias, an additional analysis was conducted with a restricted sample that only included employed controls. Police officers still exhibited significantly increased structural and functional subclinical CVD compared to controls, even after adjustment for all variables previously listed.;Discussion. In this study, police officers exhibited increased subclinical structural and functional CVD compared to a similarly aged civilian sample. |
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Tangier Disease $38 Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Tangier disease is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a severe reduction in the amount of high density lipoprotein (HDL), often referred to as “good cholesterol,” in the bloodstream. High-density lipoproteins are created when a protein in the bloodstream, Apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), combines with cholesterol and phospholipids. The cholesterol and phospholipids used to form HDL originate from inside cells but are transported out of the cell into the blood via the ABCA1 transporter. People with Tangier disease have defective ABCA1 transporters resulting in a greatly reduced ability to transport cholesterol out of their cells, which leads to an accumulation of cholesterol in many body tissues. Reduced blood levels of high-density lipoproteins is sometimes described as hypoalphalipoproteinemia. |
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The Good Carbohydrate Revolution: A Proven Program for Low-Maintenance Weight Loss and Optimum Health $0.99 In his bestselling book The HawaiiDiet™, Dr. Terry Shintani showed readers how they could eat nearly twice as much food as they usually do and still lose weight. Now, as a much-needed voice of reason amidtoday’s clamor of weight-loss programs that eliminate carbohydratesfrom the diet in favor of protein-only foods, Dr. Shintani returns with a revolutionary approach to weight-maintenance and total-body health.Here, you’ll learn how to:Identify the “good” carbohydrates, from whole-grain pasta and pita bread to sweet potatoes and brown rice, as well as an array of vitamin-rich fruits and vegetablesLower your cholesterol and blood pressure, and control your blood sugar levels to help prevent the onset of osteoporosis, cancer, stroke, and other serious illnessesDesign a delicious, affordable 21-day meal plan to get you started on the path toward weight loss and total-body wellness…and much more. Whether you’re seeking permanent weight loss, lower cholesterol, or a crash-course in good nutrition, The Good Carbohydrate Revolution promises to make eating well — and staying well — easier to achieve than ever before. |
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The Great Physician’s Rx for High Cholesterol $9.99 More and more often doctors are telling their patients their bad cholesterol levels are unacceptably high. Jordan Rubin, with Joseph Brasco, MD, believes people should regard that information as they view a red “Engine Warning” light on the dashboard of their cars. Signs of high cholesterol are a warning light for serious future health problems: gallstones, high blood pressure, impotence, heart disease, and stroke.In The Great Physician’s Rx for High Cholesterol, Rubin and Brasc |
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The Health And Fitness Tips And Tricks: Get This Handbook’s Exercise Fitness Programs And Weight Loss Fitness Programs Information And Learn The Different Health And Fitness Tips And Keys On How To Reduce Cholesterol Levels! $3.99 Black,NOOK Book (eBook), English-language edition,Pub by KMS Publishing |
Category: Cholesterol Diet
May 30th, 2011 at 12:21 pm
[...] Dutasteride is a fairly new innovation in the treatment of baldness. Controlled studies indicate that its regrowth properties surpass that of Propecia, and that it is also useful in long-term maintenance of regenerated hair. Cholesterol levels [...]